Comparative Efficacy of Resveratrol 1 % Gel and Trichloroacetic Acid 20% in Treatment of Melasma: A Split-face Study

Melasma is a chronic, acquired disorder of focal hypermelanosis. It clinically presents as hyperpigmented patches over photo-exposed areas (Espósito.,et al 2022). Melasma classified clinically into; Centrofacial, malar, mandibular, indeterminate , and extrafacial types . By wood's lamp ,melasma classified into epidermal, dermal, and mixed forms (Putra Gofur N et al . , 2021) .

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, genetic factors, and sex hormones are generally believed to be involved in the occurrence of melasma. Other factors implicated are phototoxic drugs, anticonvulsant medications, and the use of certain cosmetics (Ortonne et al., 2009).

Treating melasma is challenging especially in patients with dark skin types , classified as Fitzpatrick types IV to VI, due to the possibility of relapse and susceptibility to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) (Rodrigues and Pandya., 2015).

Although various therapeutic approaches including pharmacological and procedural treatments have been considered in melasma management, none of them is completely satisfactory (Rodrigues and Pandya., 2015).

Ongoing clinical trials continue to explore new topical treatment options for melasma, aiming to develop more effective and safer alternatives with fewer side effects. Traditional agents like hydroquinone remain the gold standard, but concerns over irritation and potential long-term risks have driven research into novel formulations. (Christian and Michelle.,2024) .