Comparative study of pre- procedural ultrasound guidance versus the landmark technique for dural puncture on incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache ( PDPH ) in obese parturients undergoing lower segment cesarean section. A prospective randomized controlled study.

This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing two methods of giving spinal anaesthesia , the traditional landmark technique and the ultrasound-guided technique. Patients undergoing surgery will be randomly divided into two groups. In Group A, spinal anaesthesia will be given using the landmark method by feeling the spine bones. In Group B, an ultrasound scan will be done before the procedure to identify the exact spinal level and mark the point for needle insertion. The study will assess the number of needle pricks and redirections, patient satisfaction using a Likert scale, and the occurrence of complications like post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). All patients will be followed for up to five days after the procedure, and those with PDPH will be treated accordingly. The aim of the study is to determine which method is more accurate, efficient, and comfortable for the patient.