Assessment of Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Distribution by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Before and After Surgical Treatment of Obesity

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Beyond body mass index (BMI), the distribution of adipose tissue, particularly visceral adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. In addition, skeletal muscle quantity and quality are increasingly recognized as important determinants of metabolic health and postoperative recovery.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the reference standard for non-invasive assessment of body composition, allowing accurate quantification of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, skeletal muscle volume, intramuscular fat infiltration, and ectopic fat depots without exposure to ionizing radiation. Although bariatric surgery has been shown to induce substantial weight loss and improve metabolic outcomes, the temporal changes in regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle composition remain incompletely understood.

This prospective observational study aims to characterize longitudinal changes in body composition using MRI in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. MRI examinations will be performed before surgery and during postoperative follow-up to evaluate changes in visceral, subcutaneous, hepatic, perirenal, and intramuscular fat, as well as skeletal muscle volume. These imaging findings will be correlated with routinely collected clinical and metabolic parameters to improve understanding of body composition remodeling after bariatric surgery.

The results of this study may contribute to identifying imaging biomarkers associated with metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery and support the development of more personalized strategies for postoperative monitoring and patient management.