Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine With GM-CSF in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Phase 2

Completed

• Conditions: Breast Cancer
• Interventions: Biological: Low dose FRα vaccine; Biological: High dose FRα vaccine; Drug: Cyclophosphamide

• Registration Number: NCT02593227
• Lead Sponsor: Marker Therapeutics, Inc.

Brief Summary

This Phase II trial evaluates the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of the Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα) peptide vaccine mixed with GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant, with or without a immune priming with cyclophosphamide, as a consolidation therapy after neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage IIb-III triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Detailed Description

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) occur in approximately 20-25% of all patients with breast cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with TNBCs derive no benefit from targeted therapies. Excluding those patients who demonstrate a pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is a minor fraction (i.e. 15%), overall survival is only 45% at 7 years.

Following standard of care, there are windows of opportunity to further and safely treat patients to prevent recurrence. Stimulating the immune system to produce T cells immunity specific for tumor antigens may significantly delay recurrence and cure patients.

The proposed vaccine is intended to induce T cells to survey for the reemergence of TNBCs and to prevent recurrence in the adjuvant setting. The vaccine strategy is antigen-specific and targets the Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα). FRα is an ideal target because of its limited expression in the healthy tissues and it high expression in 86% of TNBCs. Studies have shown that it is a biologically important marker that is associated with poorer clinical outcome and is retained in metastatic lesions.

The FRα vaccine include a pool of 5 peptides that are immunogenic epitopes and safely generate tissue-surveying CD4 T cell immune responses in patients tested in a recently completed phase I clinical trial.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2015-10-27
• Study First Submitted QC: 2015-10-30
• Study First Posted: 2015-11-01
• Study Start: 2016-04
• Status Verified: 2021-07
• Primary Completion: 2021-07-15
• Study Completion: 2021-07-15
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-07-15
• Last Update Posted: 2021-07-19

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 80

Inclusion Criteria

1. Female patient, age 18 years or older;

2. Completely resected unilateral or bilateral primary carcinoma of the breast

3. Written informed consent must be obtained and documented according to the local regulatory requirements prior to beginning specific protocol procedures;

4. Primary tumor was negative for ER, PR (cut-off for positivity is >10% positive tumor cells with nuclear staining) and negative for Her2-neu (0 or 1+ on immunohistochemistry and/or normal gene copy number by in-situ hybridization); Central review is not required.

5. Completed primary treatment (surgery and radio/chemotherapy in adjuvant and/or neo-adjuvant setting) <360 days prior to first vaccination.

6. Completed last cycle of chemotherapy or radiation > 60 days prior to first vaccination

7. Either clinical or pathological Stage I (T1c), II, or III according to AJCC 7th edition

   • Note that patients with (i) non-invasive breast cancer (DCIS) alone, (ii) incidental (microscopic) nodal cancer without a primary tumor (pN1mi), or (iii) metastatic disease are excluded.
   • Resected tumor: No evidence of gross tumor at the surgical resection margin noted in the final surgery report. No evidence of gross residual adenopathy

8. Karnofsky index >= 70%;

9. Life expectancy of at least 5 years, disregarding the diagnosis of cancer;

10. Adequate Blood, renal and hepatic function, as determined within 28 days from registration:

    • ANC ≥ 1,500 / mm3
    • Platelet ≥ 100,000 / uL
    • Hgb > 9 g/dL
    • Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or 24-hour urine < Grade 2
    • Urinalysis with < 2+ proteinuria
    • Serum albumin ≥ 3 g/dL
    • SGOT (AST) ≤ 3 x ULN

11. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) negative or low-positive institutional range, as determined within 28 days from registration. Intermediate values (usually defined by a titer of ≤1:80, or as indicated by institutional range) are acceptable if there are, in the opinion of the Investigator, no early signs of an autoimmune disease.

12. Primary tumor is available for shipment to central laboratory for analysis of FRα expression by IHC.

13. Patients must be, in the opinion of the Investigator, available and compliant for treatment and follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Clinical evidence of distant metastases per practice guidelines for breast cancer;
2. Inflammatory breast cancer or tumor with deep adherence or cutaneous invasion;
3. Known hypersensitivity reaction to the GM-CSF adjuvant; Any known contra-indication to GM-CSF or Cyclophosphamide treatment;
4. Pregnant or lactating patients. Patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (urine or serum) within 7 days prior to registration and must implement adequate contraceptive measures during study treatment;
5. Active autoimmune disease requiring therapy within the past 2 years (Note: patients with vitiligo, Grave's disease or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment within the past 2 years are not excluded);
6. Other uncontrolled illness or medical condition, such as active infection, symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV; moderate to severe objective evidence of cardiovascular disease), unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or stroke within last 6 months, psychiatric illness that may limit compliance with study requirement or interfere with the understanding and giving of informed consent;
7. Prior active secondary malignancy < 5 years prior to consent (except non-melanomatous skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix) or currently receiving other specific treatment for this cancer (including monoclonal antibody or pathway inhibitor);
8. Completed treatment with systemic corticosteroid or immune-modulators < 30 days prior to registration;
9. Planned treatment with other experimental drugs or any other non-hormonal anti-cancer therapy;
10. Immunocompromised patients, including patients with known HIV infection;
11. Symptomatic thyroid disease, unless negative for thyroid antibodies (TSH receptor, TPO, thyroglobulin).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Low dose FRα vaccine	Low dose FRα vaccine	FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - single ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence
High dose FRα vaccine	High dose FRα vaccine	FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - triple ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence
Low dose FRα vaccine + cyclophosphamide	Low dose FRα vaccine	Cyclophosphamide 300 mg/sqm as a 1 hour IV infusion 3 days prior to first vaccination. Followed by FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence
Low dose FRα vaccine + cyclophosphamide	Cyclophosphamide	Cyclophosphamide 300 mg/sqm as a 1 hour IV infusion 3 days prior to first vaccination. Followed by FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence
High dose FRα vaccine + cyclophosphamide	Cyclophosphamide	Cyclophosphamide 300 mg/sqm as a 1 hour IV infusion 3 days prior to first vaccination. Followed by FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence
High dose FRα vaccine + cyclophosphamide	High dose FRα vaccine	Cyclophosphamide 300 mg/sqm as a 1 hour IV infusion 3 days prior to first vaccination. Followed by FRα peptide vaccine with GM-CSF adjuvant - ID administration - monthly vaccinations repeated 6 times followed by boosters every 6 months until recurrence

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Immune response	3 years	Emergence of B and T cell immunity targeting the folate receptor alpha

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Folate receptor alpha expression	Baseline	To determine FRα expression status of primary tumors
Relapse Free Survival	3 years	RFS in relation to FR specific immune response
Safety and tolerability (treatment emergent adverse events and injection site reactions)	3 years	Incidence of treatment emergent adverse events and injection site reactions

Trial Locations

Locations (11)

Mount Sinai Hospital; 🇺🇸 New York, New York, United States

The Valley Hospital; 🇺🇸 Paramus, New Jersey, United States

University of Maryland - Greenebaum Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 Baltimore, Maryland, United States

MidAmerica Division,Inc; 🇺🇸 Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Oncology Hematology Care; 🇺🇸 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

University of Kansas Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 Westwood, Kansas, United States

Karmanos Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 Detroit, Michigan, United States

Moffitt Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 Tampa, Florida, United States

Texas Oncology Presbyterian Cancer Center Dallas; 🇺🇸 Dallas, Texas, United States

Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 New York, New York, United States

Sarah Cannon Research Institute; 🇺🇸 Nashville, Tennessee, United States