Research Examining Gulf War Illness in Our Nations Service Members

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Gulf War Illness

Interventions: Drug: Placebo
Drug: Duloxetine
Drug: Pregabalin

Registration Number: NCT01846182

Lead Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development

Brief Summary: At least 1 in 4 of the 700,000 U.S. Veterans who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War suffer from Gulf War Illness (GWI). Despite considerable research, effective treatments remain elusive. GWI refers to a complex of symptoms that typically include widespread chronic pain, persistent headache, memory and concentration problems, gastrointestinal difficulties, sleep disturbances and unexplained fatigue. These symptoms are similar to that of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), another multi-symptom condition. Whereas, effective treatments for GWI have yet to be found, the FDA has approved duloxetine and pregabalin for the treatment of FMS. The lack of progress in finding effective treatments for GWI, and the similarities between GWI and FMS, provides a rationale for determining if these medications can provide relief to Veterans who suffer from GWI. This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of Duloxetine and Pregabalin for treating Gulf War Veterans who suffer from GWI.

Detailed Description: At least 1 in 4 of the 700,000 U.S. Veterans who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War suffer from Gulf War Illness (GWI). Despite considerable research, effective treatments remain elusive. GWI refers to a complex of symptoms that typically include widespread chronic pain, persistent headache, memory and concentration problems, gastrointestinal difficulties, sleep disturbances and unexplained fatigue. This symptom profile is similar to that of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a multi-symptom condition similar to GWI. Whereas, effective treatments for GWI have yet to be found, progress has been made in identifying medications to treat FMS. For example, the FDA has approved a number of medications including Duloxetine and Pregabalin for the treatment of FMS. Compared to placebo (PBO) Duloxetine (a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and Pregabalin (an alpha-2-alpha-subunit calcium-channel ligand) significantly improved pain responses and fatigue. The capacity of Duloxetine to increase central levels of serotonin and norepinephrine as well as the more complex alterations of neurotransmitters and central nervous system (CNS) mediators of pain attributed to pregabalin are thought to be responsible for the medication's effects on pain, mood and sleep. Clinical practice and one open-label trial support the use of these medications in combination to achieve optimal symptom improvement amongst GWI sufferers; however, such combinations have not been formally tested in randomized controlled trials. The lack of progress in finding effective treatments for GWI, and the similarities between GWI and FMS, provides a rationale for determining if these FDA approved medications can provide significant symptomatic relief to Veterans who suffer from GWI. Central Texas is home to one of the highest number of Gulf War Veterans in the nation, thus the investigators' research team is ideally situated to conduct the proposed study. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 180 Veterans who meet defining criteria for GWI and whose symptom profile includes chronic widespread pain and sleep disturbances will be treated with one of the following medications; 1) AM Duloxetine+ PM placebo (PBO); 2) PM Pregabalin + AM PBO or 3) AM PBO + PM PBO. All active treatments will titrate from a lower dose in 2-week increments to the full therapeutic doses (FDA-approved for FMS). The outcome of the PBO double-dummy period will be compared statistically with 18 weeks of active therapy (weeks 5-22).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 112

Inclusion Criteria

Living in Central Texas near Killeen, Austin, Temple or Waco
Served on active military duty and deployed to the Persian Gulf region for some period between August 1990 & July 1991
English speaking and able to understand the consent form and study questionnaires
Willing to be randomized to treatment and participate in 1-month follow up
men & women between the ages of 43 to 70
meet Kansas GWI case definition for the diagnosis of GWI
report a baseline score > 4 on a 10-point Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
female participants of childbearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment based on a urine pregnancy test and agree to use a reliable method of birth control (for example, oral contraceptives or Norplant; a reliable barrier method of birth control [diaphragms with contraceptive jelly; cervical caps with contraceptive jelly; condoms with contraceptive foam); intrauterine devices; partner with vasectomy; or abstinence) during the study and for 2 months following the last dose of the study drug. [Note that this inclusion criterion applies only to females of childbearing potential. Females of childbearing potential are defined as women not surgically sterilized and between menarche and 2 years post-menopause.]

Exclusion Criteria

Unstable or poorly controlled chronic medical illness such as Diabetes type-II, Hypertension (HTN), heart disease, endocrine disorders, narrow angle glaucoma
Significant Central Nervous System disease including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke, Dementia, syncopal episodes, severe head trauma, multiple sclerosis
Serious or advanced heart disease or clinically relevant abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), postural hypotension
Untreated sleep apnea or body mass index placing patients at risk for undiagnosed sleep apnea (BMI> 35 kg/m2)
Diabetes type-I and patients with Diabetes type-II associated with peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, liver failure/cirrhosis
End stage renal disease
History of hypersensitivity reaction to pregabalin, duloxetine, venlafaxine; active treatment with duloxetine or pregabalin; History of failure of duloxetine or pregabalin at therapeutic doses; history of angioedema reaction to pregabalin
Active systemic infectious disease such as tuberculosis and HIV, shingles
Autoimmune mediated illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma
History of mental illness requiring hospitalization (depression, bipolar illness, post traumatic stress disorder, history of suicide attempts, psychosis, schizophrenia spectrum); Current major depression of dysthymia; patients lacking capacity to make medical decisions
Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within 2 weeks of evaluation; Active ongoing use of the following agents: desvenlafaxine, fenfluramine, linezolid, milnacipran, phentermine, tryptophan, tramadol, opiates
Current (meets criterion within the last 6 months) for drug or alcohol dependence (except for nicotine and caffeine)
Cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancers
Women who are pregnant or desire to become pregnant, breastfeeding, who use unreliable contraception methods
Those with occupations requiring use and/or operation of hazardous heavy equipment or professional drivers
Patients for whom the potential risk outweighs the potential benefit in the opinion of the treating psychiatrist

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Group 3	Placebo	placebo in the AM \& PM for 20 weeks
Group 1	Placebo	60 mg of duloxetine in the AM for 20 weeks and placebo in PM
Group 2	Placebo	300 mg of pregabalin in the PM for 20 weeks and placebo in AM
Group 1	Duloxetine	60 mg of duloxetine in the AM for 20 weeks and placebo in PM
Group 2	Pregabalin	300 mg of pregabalin in the PM for 20 weeks and placebo in AM

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pain by Likert Scale	120 days	Likert scale of pain rating

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Side Effects	Assessed every 2 weeks	Side effects checklist

Trial Locations

Locations (2): Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Waco VA Medical Center, Waco, TX
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Waco, Texas, United States
Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
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Temple, Texas, United States