Fitness and Fat Oxidation in Overweight Chinese, Indian and Malay Men
- Conditions
- Overweight and Obesity
- Interventions
- Other: Cardiorespiratory fitness testOther: Resting measure of fat oxidationOther: Maximum fat oxidation test
- Registration Number
- NCT05337111
- Lead Sponsor
- Nanyang Technological University
- Brief Summary
South Asian men have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than white men which is associated with a reduced capacity to oxidise fat during exercise. This is a risk factor for weight gain/regain. Whilst comparisons with Europeans are valuable, Asians are not a homogenous group and substantial differences in obesity and body fat partitioning exist with ethnicity. This cross-sectional pilot investigation aims to compare CRF and fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in Chinese, Indian and Malay men (from Singapore) with elevated BMI (23 -30 kg/m2). Forty-five men (15 each ethnicity) with elevated body mass index (23 -30 kg/m2) will complete testing in a fasted state on two separate mornings separated by ≥72 hours: (i) for a measure of CRF; and (ii) for a measure of fat oxidation at rest and during incremental exercise.
- Detailed Description
South Asian men have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than white men which is associated with a reduced capacity to oxidise fat during exercise. This is a risk factor for weight gain/regain. Whilst comparisons with Europeans are valuable, Asians are not a homogenous group and substantial differences in obesity and body fat partitioning exist with ethnicity. This cross-sectional pilot investigation aims to compare CRF and fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in Chinese, Indian and Malay men (from Singapore) with elevated BMI (23 -30 kg/m2). Forty-five men (15 each ethnicity) with elevated body mass index (23 -30 kg/m2) will complete testing in a fasted state on two separate mornings separated by ≥72 hours: (i) for a measure of CRF; and (ii) for a measure of fat oxidation at rest and during incremental exercise. A submaximal exercise test will be used to estimate CRF (maximum oxygen uptake, VO2max) during walking using a standard protocol where subjects walk on a treadmill at 5 km/h with regular increments in gradient until individuals reach 80% of their estimated maximum heart rate \[220 - age (years)\]. Perceived exertion will be monitored assessed periodically during the test and expired gases continuously measured via a mouthpiece attached to an automated metabolic cart (Parvomedics MMS-2400; Parvomedics, Sandy, UT). Oxygen consumption will be extrapolated to estimate VO2max based on estimated maximum heart rate. Resting fat oxidation will be determined via a 30 minute measure of expired gases under a ventilated hood attached to an automated metabolic cart. Fat oxidation during exercise will be determined via walking on a treadmill with increments in speed and gradient until the respiratory exchange ratio is ≥ 0.95. Primary outcomes will be compared among groups and adjusted for any covariates (e.g., BMI, body fat percentage) as necessary.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 45
- male
- age 25 - <45 years
- Chinese, Indian or Malay based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents)
- BMI ≥ 23 - < 30 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 90 cm
- physically inactive defined as < 150 minutes moderate or < 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week, or the equivalent combination of both
- females
- personal history of cardio-metabolic diseases
- dieting (i.e. restricting food/energy intake)
- smokers
- consuming alcohol > 3 times per week with > 3 drinks per time
- using any medications which affect carbohydrate or lipid metabolism
- any lower body injuries
- fasting blood glucose > 6.1 mmol/L
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Indian men Cardiorespiratory fitness test Indian men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Indian men Maximum fat oxidation test Indian men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Malay men Cardiorespiratory fitness test Malay men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Chinese men Cardiorespiratory fitness test Chinese men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Chinese men Resting measure of fat oxidation Chinese men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Malay men Maximum fat oxidation test Malay men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Chinese men Maximum fat oxidation test Chinese men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Malay men Resting measure of fat oxidation Malay men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise. Indian men Resting measure of fat oxidation Indian men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Resting fat oxidation 1 day (Single measurement) Measure of amount of fat oxidised whilst at rest in the postabsorptive (fasting) state
Cardiorespiratory fitness 1 day (Single measurement) Predicted measure of maximum oxygen uptake during exercise
Maximum fat oxidation (exercise) 1 day (Single measurement) Measure of maximum amount of fat oxidised whilst exercising in the postabsorptive state
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
🇸🇬Singapore, Singapore