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Study of the Immunological and Virological Response of Patients With COVID-19 and Presenting an Asymptomatic or Pauci-symptomatic Form (AMBUCOV)

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
SARS-CoV-2
Covid19
Interventions
Diagnostic Test: Blood count
Diagnostic Test: Blood collection
Diagnostic Test: Nasopharyngeal swab
Diagnostic Test: Saliva samples
Diagnostic Test: Faeces samples
Genetic: Genetic blood collection
Other: Data collection
Registration Number
NCT04703114
Lead Sponsor
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to describe the immunological and virological response of patients infected with CoV-2-SARS and presenting an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic form, in particular the innate and adaptive response as well as the virological clearance kinetics.

The research hypothesis is that patients with an ambulatory form of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, are able to mount an innate and adaptive immunological response capable of rapidly clearing the virus, in contrast to severe forms in which an early deficit of type 1 IFN response has been demonstrated, possibly responsible for a defect in the control of viral replication in the blood.

Detailed Description

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in December 2019 in the Wuhan region of China and is currently causing a global pandemic.

The disease, named COVID-19, causes an influenza syndrome associated with respiratory signs, but there are also asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic forms. Approximately 2 to 3% of patients, primarily patients with pre-existing chronic diseases and the elderly, develop a very severe form responsible for an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that can lead to death.

It has been shown that patients with a severe and critical form had an impaired type 1 interferon response, with decreased plasma levels of IFN-alpha2 in the most severe patients compared to hospitalized patients with a moderate form, and undetectable levels of IFN-beta. This lack of type 1 IFN response was associated with greater viral persistence in the blood and an exaggerated inflammatory response mediated primarily by the NF-kB pathway.

Almost all studies published to date on immune system disruption during CoV-2-SARS infection included mainly hospitalized patients requiring oxygen therapy due to their severity, assessed at the time of clinical worsening.

Thus, there is no or little data on immunological response profiles, particularly on type 1 IFN response but also on other aspects of the immunological response (adaptive cellular and humoral immunity), and its relationship with viral clearance kinetics during ambulatory forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas these forms represent more than 95% of the clinical forms.

The asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic forms managed on an outpatient basis represent the most common form of CoV-2-SARS infection, with a favourable outcome in almost all cases.

A better description and understanding of the immunological profile, including type 1 IFN response and viral clearance kinetics in saliva, blood and feces, during asymptomatic and mild clinical forms will allow the identification of the major players in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, and thus better define the responses that are lacking in severe patients.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
57
Inclusion Criteria
  • Adult patients
  • Nasopharyngeal PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours prior to inclusion in the study protocol, carried out in one of the participating outpatient screening centers
  • Symptomatic patients (nasopharyngeal screening positive due to suggestive symptoms) or asymptomatic (nasopharyngeal screening positive due to screening after contact with a positive subject)
  • Patients who have been informed and signed the consent
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women who may be included in the study.
Exclusion Criteria
  • Patients with criteria for hospitalization at the time of diagnosis (seriousness criteria, impossibility of staying at home)
  • Non-consent or inability to obtain consent,
  • Patient with dementia or not authorized, for psychiatric reasons or intellectual failure, to receive information on the protocol and to give informed consent,
  • Patient under guardianship / curatorship

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
AsymptomaticBlood count40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticBlood collection40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticSaliva samples40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticData collection40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticNasopharyngeal swab40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticSaliva samples40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticFaeces samples40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticBlood count40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticGenetic blood collection40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticBlood collection40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticFaeces samples40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
AsymptomaticGenetic blood collection40 asymptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticNasopharyngeal swab40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
SymptomaticData collection40 symptomatic patients to COVID-19 infection
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Interferon responseUp to 90 days

Concentration of type I, type II and type III Interferon in peripheral blood

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Immunology : cytokinesUp to 90 days

Concentration of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-8, calprotectin in peripheral blood

Immunology : cell populationUp to 90 days

Proportions of monocytes, B cells and T cells in peripheral blood

Immunology : proteinsUp to 90 days

Concentration of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in peripheral blood

Immunology : pathwaysUp to 90 days

Screening for genetic mutations involved in the interferon pathway

Immunology : antibody responseUp to 90 days

Concentration of antibodies directed against spike protein and nucleocapsids

Virology : Nasopharyngeal Viral clearance kineticsUp to 90 days

Viral clearance kinetics in nasopharyngeal samples

Virology : Saliva Viral clearance kineticsUp to 90 days

Viral clearance kinetics in saliva

Virology : faeces viral clearance kineticsUp to 90 days

Viral clearance kinetics in faeces

Virology : peripheral blood viral clearance kineticsUp to 90 days

Viral clearance kinetics in peripheral blood

Virology : sequencingUp to 90 days

Analysis of virus mutations, especially of the gene encoding spike protein

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Hôpital Cochin

🇫🇷

Paris, ÃŽle-de-France, France

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