Dietary Factors Associated to Colorectal Premalignant Lesions (COLOMAR-1)

Colorectal cancer incidence is increasing in developed countries specially among young adults due to risk factors as modern dietary, smoking, low physical exercise and obesity. Some foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts, other seeds and legumes) are assumed to prevent occurrence of colorectal cancer, while red and processed meat intake are strongly associated with increased risk of colorectal tumors. However, evidence on fish intake is still scarce, and the mechanisms and drivers of their potential health benefits are also only partially known. On the other hand, colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colon cancer screening. Our study aims to explore the relationship among fish intake, microbiota and molecular alterations during a colonoscopy screening program of healthy volunteers. This is a preliminary proof-of-concept study (ColoMAR-1) to evaluate the feasibility of the entire research program (ColoMAR-2).

The main objectives of this pilot are:

1. To determinate the feasibility of the entire research project obtaining data for all the study participants (colonoscopy, blood sample, feces sample and dietary questionnaire).
2. To evaluate the presence of precancerous lesions (colonic polyps) and colorectal malignant tumors in all the participants.
3. To find molecular alterations (Alkylating signature) in normal mucosa of right and left-sided colon samples.
4. To describe microbiota composition in all the participants.
5. To determinate correlation between dietary habits and clinical and molecular findings of the study.
6. To calculate the overall sample size of the entire research program (ColoMAR-2) in base to dietary patterns and Alkylating signature prevalence of the participants)