Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment (FIC) Block on the Postoperative Analgesic Effect in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia.

Group A (PENG block) patients will receive PENG block under ultrasound-guided (USG) guidance using curvilinear low-frequency ultrasound probe (2-5 MHz) will initially be placed in a transverse plane over the Anterior inferior iliac spine ( AIIS ) and then aligned with the pubic ramus by rotating the probe counterclockwise approximately 45 degrees to visualize the Iliopubic Eminence (IPE), the iliopsoas muscle and tendon, the femoral artery, and pectineus muscle. A 22 Gauge needle will be inserted in-plane and the needle tip will be positioned in the musculofascial plane between the psoas tendon anteriorly and the pubic ramus posteriorly. 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected in increments while observing for an adequate fluid spread in this plane.

Group B (FIC) patients will receive FIC block under USG guidance using high-frequency linear transducer (6-13 MHz) will be used to identify the femoral artery at the level of the inguinal crease. Immediately lateral and deep to the femoral artery and vein the iliopsoas muscle is overlaid by a hyperechoic fascia iliaca. The femoral nerve is seen lateral to the femoral artery wedged between the iliopsoas muscle and the fascia iliaca.

Maneuvering the transducer laterally helps to visualize the Sartorius muscle covered by its own fascia alongside the fascia iliaca. A line is drawn connecting the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle; the needle tip is positioned at lateral third of the line under the fascia iliaca. 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected until it spreads laterally toward the iliac spine and medially toward the femoral nerve.