The Cardio-Metabolic Clinic

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cardiovascular Diseases
• Interventions: Other: Cardio-Metabolic Clinic

• Registration Number: NCT06203860
• Lead Sponsor: Odense University Hospital

Brief Summary

This study aims to investigate whether a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic can protect the cardiovascular health of patients with both diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

* At the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic, patients will receive a specialized and comprehensive care. This includes applying a systematic approach, considering their whole health based on the latest knowledge in the field, and administering aggressive treatment with heart protective medications.

* The ProtecT-2-D trial will compare the effects of care at the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic to usual care to see if there are any differences in cardiovascular illness and death.

Detailed Description

Background:

Despite improved treatment options, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of illness and death among patients with type 2 diabetes. It is crucial to recognize that managing diabetes involves more than just controlling blood sugar levels; preventing and treating cardiovascular disease is of significant importance. Lifestyle changes have been proven to have a substantial impact on cardiovascular health. Additionally, remarkable advancements in treatment options with cardiovascular protective effects have occurred over the past five years. Nevertheless, the traditional healthcare system primarily focuses on managing individual diseases, often leading to fragmented care for patients with type 2 diabetes. This fragmented approach often results in inadequate treatment, higher costs, and worse outcomes for cardiovascular disease. To address these challenges, our goal is to establish a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic that adopts a multidisciplinary approach to optimize diabetes management. The clinic will place special emphasis on implementing measures to protect the cardiovascular system and ensure comprehensive care for the patients. By bridging the gap between diabetes management and cardiovascular health, the aim is to enhance cardiovascular outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Organization in the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic:

The Cardio-Metabolic Clinic, structured on a cost-effective model, operates through a three-layered system centered on the patient. The innermost layer involves medical students or specialized cardio-metabolic nurses who maintain the daily contact with the patients. Patient medical history and baseline visit data are recorded in the Electronic Case-Report Form (Redcap). Upon randomization to the intervention arm, a decision-making algorithm in the Redcap-system is activated, ensuring that patients receive optimal and tailored medical treatment in accordance with the latest guidelines for diabetes management. The second layer includes a cardiologist who, in collaboration with the medical students or cardio-metabolic nurses, reviews the patients' risk profiles and algorithm-recommended treatments. If further counselling is needed for patient management, the third layer, consisting of an endocrinologist, a nephrologist and a hepatologist, will be consulted. This multidisciplinary collaboration ensures the most optimal diabetes management, especially in challenging cases.

Objectives:

The objective of the ProtecT-2-D trial is to investigate whether a comprehensive care in a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic are superior to standard treatment in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Hypothesis:

In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, a systematic, specialized multidisciplinary approach in a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic, will result in better management of diabetes and reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

The ProtecT-2-D study is a prospective, randomized, controlled trial conducted at the Cardiovascular Research Unit in Svendborg Hospital, Denmark. The study population consists of patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, referred from general practices or seen in the outpatient clinic of Cardiology or Endocrinology at Svendborg Hospital. Sixteen hundred patients are anticipated to take part in the study. Patients are randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either receive comprehensive care at the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic or standard treatment. All patients are invited to undergo a health examination at baseline. Subsequently, patients enrolled in the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic will undergo a thorough multidisciplinary evaluation, including an optimization of lifestyle factors and medical treatment of cardiovascular risk factors based on current treatment guidelines.

After a duration of 3 years, all patients will be invited for a follow-up health examination. Furthermore, complications related to diabetes or cardiovascular disease will be assessed through registry and journal audits after 5 and 10 years.

Outcomes:

The primary outcome of the ProtecT-2-D trial is to investigate whether comprehensive care in a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic is superior to standard treatment. This will be assessed by the time to first occurrence of any of the endpoints in this composite: Death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalization for HF.

Sample size estimation:

A reduction in the primary endpoint of 15 % is anticipated in patients assessed in the Cardio-Metabolic Clinic compared to standard treatment. With a power of 80% and an alpha value of 0.05, 1306 patients are needed, and a dropout rate of around 15-20% is anticipated; therefore, 1600 patients will have to be included in the study.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2023-11-01
• Study First Submitted: 2023-12-10
• Status Verified: 2024-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-01-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-01-02
• Study First Posted: 2024-01-12
• Last Update Posted: 2024-01-12
• Primary Completion: 2029-05-01
• Study Completion: 2034-05-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 1600

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
The Cardio-Metabolic Clinic	Cardio-Metabolic Clinic	Comprising specialized, multidisciplinary management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Time to first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite endpoint consisting of: cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalisation for heart failure (HF).	From baseline to 5 years of follow-up	Measured in days.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Time to first occurrence of MACE, a composite endpoint consisting of: CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalisation for HF.	From baseline to 10 years of follow-up	Measured in days.
Change in estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in in ratio to baseline \[mL/min/1.73 m\^2\]; Creatinine-based.
Change in health outcomes measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALY)	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in score points (change in percentage \[%\])
Time to first occurrence of a composite heart failure endpoint consisting of: de novo HF and HF hospitalisation.	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in days.
Change in diabetic retinopathy stage based on eye examination (fundoscopy)	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in ratio to baseline.
Time to first occurrence of a composite CKD endpoint consisting of a decline in eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m²] of more than 50%, onset of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, eGFR<15, kidney transplantation) or death from renal or CV causes	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in count of events.
Time to occurrence of the individual component CV death	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in days.; Including: acute myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolic event, malignant arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, fatal stroke and aorta dissection.
Time to occurrence of the individual component AMI.	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in days.; Including: ST-elevation myocardium infarction and non-ST-elevation myocardium infarction
Time to occurrence of the individual component non-fatal stroke.	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in days.; Including: Thromboembolic or undetermined
Change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in ratio to baseline.
Time to first occurrence of a composite macrovascular diabetic complications endpoint comprising new diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD), new/progression of foot ulcers, surgical procedures related to PAD, and coronary revascularisation	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in count of events.; Surgical procedures in relation to PAD includes: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, peripheral artery bypass, thrombectomy, thrombolysis, amputations.; Coronary revascularisation includes: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and/or coronary artery bypass graft.
Change in protocol-driven medication	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in percentage (%).; Protocol-driven medication includes: * Lipid lowering medication; * Antihypertensive medication; * Anti-thrombotic medication; * Anti-diabetic medication; * Nephro-protective medication
Number of overall symptom burden determined by summing the occurences of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalisation for HF.	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in count of events.
Change in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in ratio to baseline.; Calculated by eGFR and albuminuria.
Change in fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in ratio to baseline.; FIB-4 is a biomarker assessing degree of liver fibrosis. Calculated using age, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and platelet count.
Change in degree of liver fibrosis in high-risk individuals assessed through a Fibro-scan	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in count of events.
Change in ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI).	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in ratio to baseline.
Change in symptoms as reported by patients using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)	From baseline to 3 years of follow-up	Measured in score points (change in percentage \[%\])
Net cost analysis of implementing a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured in dollars \[$\].; Cost of Cardio-Metabolic Clinic minus averted costs ( including averted admissions, medical treatment, and productivity).
Cost-effectiveness ratio of implementing a Cardio-Metabolic Clinic	From baseline to 5 and 10 years of follow-up	Measured as: Net costs/change in health outcomes \[$/QALY\]

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital - Svendborg; 🇩🇰 Svendborg, South Denmark, Denmark