Comparison of Two Treatment Regimens to Reduce PA Infection in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Cystic Fibrosis
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Interventions: Drug: Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI)
Drug: Oral placebo
Drug: Oral ciprofloxacin

Registration Number: NCT00097773

Lead Sponsor: Seattle Children's Hospital

Brief Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease that significantly affects an individual's lung function. Antibiotic medications have been proven effective at reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection, which is one of the main causes of death in individuals with CF. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on quarterly culture results versus consistent quarterly antibiotic treatment at reducing PA infection in children with CF.

Detailed Description: CF is an inherited disease that causes mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, which can cause lung infections and digestive problems. It is the most common type of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and may result in early death. There is no cure for this disease. The primary cause of death in individuals with CF is progressive obstructive pulmonary disease associated with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection. PA infection can occur early in life and can become highly resistant to antibiotics. Once an individual has been diagnosed with chronic PA infection, it is almost impossible to manage effectively. The need exists for an effective treatment to control and eliminate PA infection. Past research has shown that if PA infection is treated early, there is a greater likelihood that it may be eliminated completely. This study will examine two treatment regimens to compare which is more effective at eliminating PA infection. In the first regimen, participants will receive antibiotic treatment at various times throughout the study, based on findings of PA respiratory cultures obtained on a quarterly basis. In the second regimen, participants will receive antibiotic medications in consistent, quarterly cycles throughout the study. The antibiotic medications used in this study will be ciprofloxacin and inhaled tobramycin, which will be administered with a nebulizer. Both of these medications have been proven effective at treating bacterial lung infections. The overall purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of culture-based treatment versus consistent treatment at reducing PA infection in children with CF.

This 18-month study will enroll children with CF. For the first 28 days of the study, all participants will receive inhaled tobramycin. For the initial 14 days of this 28-day period, half of the participants will also receive either ciprofloxacin or placebo. If respiratory cultures after three weeks of treatment confirm the presence of PA, participants will receive tobramycin for an additional 28 days. Participants will then be randomly assigned to one of four treatment options: tobramycin and placebo for six consecutive quarterly cycles; tobramycin and ciprofloxacin for six consecutive quarterly cycles; tobramycin and placebo only when PA is found during quarterly respiratory cultures; or tobramycin and ciprofloxacin only when PA is found during quarterly respiratory cultures.

At the first study visit, participants will undergo a physical examination, a chest x-ray, and a review of their medical history. Lung function will be measured via spirometry (in children greater than four years of age who are able to perform spirometry), and hearing ability will be measured via audiometry (at selected sites). Blood will be drawn for laboratory tests, and a specimen will be obtained for a respiratory culture. Subsequent study visits will take place at Day 21, Weeks 10, 22, 34, 46, 58, and 70. At each visit, participants will undergo a physical examination and a spirometry test (as appropriate), and a respiratory specimen for PA culture and blood will again be collected. Participants will be required to maintain a medication diary throughout the study, and they will be contacted between visits to review medication adherence and test results.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 304

Inclusion Criteria

Diagnosis of CF, as determined by the 1997 CF Consensus Conference criteria: sweat chloride level greater than 60 milliequivalent/liter (mEq/L) by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis; or a genotype with two identifiable mutations consistent with CF; or an abnormal nasal transepithelial potential difference and one or more clinical features consistent with CF
For participants greater than 15 months of age: documented new onset of positive oropharyngeal, sputum, or lower respiratory tract culture for PA within 6 months of study entry, defined as either: 1) first lifetime documented PA positive culture; or 2) PA recovered after at least a 2-year history of PA negative respiratory cultures (at least one culture per year)
For participants 12-15 months of age: at least one documented positive oropharyngeal, sputum, or lower respiratory tract culture for PA since birth or CF diagnosis
Clinically stable with no evidence of any significant respiratory symptoms or chest radiograph findings at screening that would require administration of intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, oxygen supplementation, or hospitalization

Exclusion Criteria

History of aminoglycoside hypersensitivity or adverse reaction to inhaled aminoglycoside
History of hypersensitivity or adverse reaction to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolone medications
History of persistent, unresolved hearing loss documented by audiometric testing on at least two occasions and not associated with middle ear disease or an abnormal tympanogram
Abnormal kidney function at study entry (defined as a serum creatinine level greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal for participant's age)
Abnormal liver function test results at study entry (defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than two times the upper limit of normal range)
Use of any investigational drug within 30 days of study entry
Use of loop diuretics, phenytoin, warfarin, theophylline, or other methylxanthines within 30 days of study entry
Use of more than one course of intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics (at least 10 continuous days of medication use) or more than one course of inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotics (at least 28 continuous days of medication use) within 2 years of study entry; intravenous or inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotics must be stopped at least 30 days prior to study entry
Chronic macrolide use (more than 90 day duration) in the 3 months prior to study entry
Presence of a condition or abnormality that would compromise the participant's safety or the quality of the study data, in the opinion of the investigator

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Cycled TOBI & oral ciprofloxacin	Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI)	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral ciprofloxacin for six consecutive quarterly cycles.
Culture based TOBI & placebo	Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI)	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral placebo administered only when quarterly respiratory cultures are found positive for Pa.
Culture based TOBI & oral cipro	Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI)	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral ciprofloxacin administered only when quarterly respiratory cultures are found positive for Pa.
Culture based TOBI & placebo	Oral placebo	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral placebo administered only when quarterly respiratory cultures are found positive for Pa.
Cycled TOBI & placebo	Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI)	Tobramycin inhalation solution and oral placebo for six consecutive quarterly cycles
Cycled TOBI & placebo	Oral placebo	Tobramycin inhalation solution and oral placebo for six consecutive quarterly cycles
Cycled TOBI & oral ciprofloxacin	Oral ciprofloxacin	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral ciprofloxacin for six consecutive quarterly cycles.
Culture based TOBI & oral cipro	Oral ciprofloxacin	Tobramycin solution for inhalation and oral ciprofloxacin administered only when quarterly respiratory cultures are found positive for Pa.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With a Pulmonary Exacerbation Requiring IV Antibiotics or Hospitalization	Measured over the 18 month study	The primary comparison is between the pooled culture-based group and the pooled cycled group. A secondary comparison is between the pooled ciprofloxacin group vs the pooled placebo group. Descriptive results are provided for the pooled treatment groups. Participants are represented once in the cycled and culture-based therapy columns, and once in the cipro and placebo columns.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Proportion of Participants With a Pa Positive Culture	Week 10 (after initial treatment course for Pa) through Month 18	Proportion of participants with a Pa positive culture compared between (1) the pooled cycled therapy group (n=152) and pooled culture-based therapy group (n=152), and (2) between the pooled oral placebo (n=152)and pooled cipro groups (n=152). Participants are included once in the cycled and culture-based columns, and once in the oral cipro and placebo columns
Number of Participants With a Pulmonary Exacerbation Requiring Oral, Inhaled, or Oral Antibiotics	Measured over the 18 month time period	The primary comparison is between the pooled culture-based group and the pooled cycled group. No interactions with ciprofloxacin were identified. A secondary comparison is between the pooled ciprofloxacin group vs the pooled placebo group. Descriptive results are provided for the pooled treatment groups. Participants are represented once in the cycled and culture-based therapy columns, and once in the cipro and placebo columns.

Trial Locations

Locations (54): Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, California, United States
Johns Hopkins University
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Baltimore, Maryland, United States
St. Christopher's Hospital for Children
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Riley Hospital/Indiana University
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Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Center
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Seattle, Washington, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
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St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron
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Akron, Ohio, United States
University of California, San Francisco
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San Francisco, California, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Children's Hospitals & Clinics
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Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
New York Medical College
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Valhalla, New York, United States
University of Mississippi Medical Center
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Jackson, Mississippi, United States
University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Children's Hospital of Michigan
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Detroit, Michigan, United States
Nemours Children's Clinic
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Jacksonville, Florida, United States
All Children's Hospital Cystic Fibrosis Center
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St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital
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Boston, Massachusetts, United States
LeBonheur Children's Medical Center
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Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Maine Medical Center
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Portland, Maine, United States
Children's Hospital, Boston
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Boston, Massachusetts, United States
duPont Hospital for Children
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Wilmington, Delaware, United States
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
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Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
Oregon Health Sciences University
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Portland, Oregon, United States
Children's Hospital Denver
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Aurora, Colorado, United States
University of Nebraska
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Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
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Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Northern California Kaiser Cystic Fibrosis Center
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Oakland, California, United States
Emory University Cystic Fibrosis Center
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Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Medical College of Georgia
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Augusta, Georgia, United States
Children's Memorial Hospital
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Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Iowa
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Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Spectrum Health Hospitals - DeVos Children's
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Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Monmouth Medical Center
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Long Branch, New Jersey, United States
Albany Medical College
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Albany, New York, United States
State University of New York Upstate Medical University
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Syracuse, New York, United States
Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital
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Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Children's Hospital
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Columbus, Ohio, United States
Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
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Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Cook Children's Medical Center
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Ft. Worth, Texas, United States
University of Utah
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Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Texas Children's Hospital
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Houston, Texas, United States
Vermont Children's Hospital at Fletcher Allen Health Care
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Burlington, Vermont, United States
University of Virginia
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Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Stanford University
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Palo Alto, California, United States
University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care
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Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital
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St. Louis, Missouri, United States
University of Michigan
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Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Children's Mercy Hospital
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Kansas City, Missouri, United States
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
University of Kentucky
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Lexington, Kentucky, United States
University of Rochester
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Rochester, New York, United States
Children's Medical Center
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Dayton, Ohio, United States
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
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Madison, Wisconsin, United States