Usefulness of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Cardiovascular Risk Estimation and Frailty Assessment in Liver Transplant Candidates

Completed

• Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases+Liver Transplantation
• Interventions: Device: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing

• Registration Number: NCT04543825
• Lead Sponsor: Andres Duarte-Rojo

Brief Summary

Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have a high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Frailty is a frequent condition among LT candidates. Together, CVD and frailty are major causes of morbidity and mortality before and after LT. Conventional methods to diagnose and predict CVD in LT candidates lack sensitivity and clinically relevant application. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can directly estimate coronary artery disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and indirectly assess frailty. Such versatility of CPET has caused it to become the standard of care in many LT centers outside of the United States.

In preliminary work (funded internally by the Pittsburgh Liver Research Center) that will be used to fund a more definitive study (RO1), the investigators plan to investigate CVD and frailty in LT candidates, both from existing standard of care (SOC) methods and CPET. The investigators expect results to improve the current capacity to assess and prognosticate CVD and frailty in LT, ultimately changing practice.

Detailed Description

Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have a high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Frailty is a frequent condition among LT candidates. Together, CVD and frailty are major causes of morbidity and mortality before and after LT. Conventional methods to diagnose and predict CVD in LT candidates lack sensitivity and clinically relevant application. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can directly estimate coronary artery disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and indirectly assess frailty. Such versatility of CPET has caused it to become the standard of care in many LT centers outside of the United States. In preliminary work that will be used to fund a more definitive study (RO1), the investigators plan to investigate CVD and frailty in LT candidates, both from existing standard of care (SOC) methods and CPET. The investigators expect results to improve the assessment of CVD and frailty in LT, ultimately changing practice. The investigators' proposal will pursue the following Specific Aims (SA):

Aim 1: Prospectively determine agreement between cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiac stress testing, for the identification of subclinical coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates.

Aim 2: Prospectively determine agreement between cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE) or impedance cardiography, for the identification of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant candidates.

Aim 3: Prospectively determine agreement between peak oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the liver frailty index or the six-minute walk test, for the identification of frailty in liver transplant candidates.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2020-09-02
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-09-02
• Study First Posted: 2020-09-10
• Study Start: 2020-09-25
• Primary Completion: 2022-05-31
• Study Completion: 2022-05-31
• Status Verified: 2024-04
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-04-01
• Last Update Posted: 2024-04-03

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 54

Inclusion Criteria

• Wait listed patients with cirrhosis or those undergoing LT evaluation

Exclusion Criteria

• Subjects younger than 45 or older than 75 years
• Subjects with platelets <30,000
• Subjects with international normalized range (INR) >3
• Subjects with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30
• Subjects with left main artery stenosis
• Subjects with moderate/severe stenotic valvular disease
• Subjects with atrial fibrillation and other arrythmias
• Subjects with resting ventricular ejection fraction <50%
• Subjects with portopulmonary hypertension
• Subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Subjects with an exercise contraindication

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
CPET	Cardiopulmonary exercise testing	Patients with cirrhosis who have been wait listed for liver transplant or are undergoing liver transplant evaluation and will undergo cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiac stress testing	12 months	Agreement between cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiac stress testing, for the identification of subclinical coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dobutamine stress echocardiogram	12 months	Agreement between cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE) or impedance cardiography, for the identification of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant candidates.
Peak oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise testing	12 months	Agreement between peak oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the liver frailty index or the six-minute walk test, for the identification of frailty in liver transplant candidates.

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Mayo Clinic Arizona; 🇺🇸 Phoenix, Arizona, United States