The Effect of Long-term Exercise on the Production of Osteoclastogenic and Anti-osteoclastogenic Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 43
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Evidence of altered bone resorption and/or production as measured by measurements of serum levels of osteocalcin and degradation products of Type I collagen (C-terminal telopeptides)
Overview
Brief Summary
This is the second phase of a study designed to determine the immunological effects of long-term exercise on risk factors for ischemic heart disease (phase 1) and osteoporosis (phase 2). The results indicate that six months of moderate intensity exercise reduces bone resorption and increases the secretion of anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Detailed Description
In a before and after trial involving 43 healthy adults the investigators measured the effect of six months of supervised exercise on the spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin-induced production of osteoclastogenic cytokines (interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α), anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, interleukins 4 and10), pleiotropic cytokines with variable effects on osteoclastogenesis (interferon-γ, interleukin-6), and T cell growth and differentiation factors (interleukins 2 and 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The investigators also measured lymphocyte phenotypes, and serum markers of bone formation (osteocalcin), bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen), and bone homeostasis (estradiol, vitamin D2, testosterone, parathyroid hormone, insulin-like growth factor).
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Na
- Intervention Model
- Single Group
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 30 Years to 60 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Normal exercise treadmill test
Exclusion Criteria
- •Any medical condition that would prevent participation in a six month exercise program
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Evidence of altered bone resorption and/or production as measured by measurements of serum levels of osteocalcin and degradation products of Type I collagen (C-terminal telopeptides)
Time Frame: 6 months
Evidence of altered secretion of osteoclastogenic cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Time Frame: 6 months
secretion of IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Evidence of altered secretion of anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Time Frame: 6 months
secretion of IL-10, IL-4, TGF-beta, IL-6 by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Evidence of altered blood mononuclear cell phenotypes
Time Frame: 6 months
Immunophenotyping of blood mononuclear cells by FACScan flow cytometer
Evidence of altered serum factors of bone homeostasis
Time Frame: 6 months
Measurements of serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, PTH, IGF-1
Evidence of altered secretion of growth and differentiation factors by cultures peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Time Frame: 6 months
Measurements of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
John Kelly Smith
Emeritus Professor of Medicine
East Tennessee State University