GEM STUDY: Radiation And Yervoy in Patients With Melanoma and Brain Metastases

Phase 2

Completed

• Conditions: Brain Metastases; Melanoma
• Interventions: Drug: Ipilimumab

• Registration Number: NCT02115139
• Lead Sponsor: Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Melanoma

Brief Summary

Ipilimumab adds a clinical benefit to radiation therapy in patients with melanoma metastatic to the brain.

Melanoma is the third most common cancer causing brain metastases, after cancers of the lung and breast, which appears to reflect the relative propensity of melanoma to metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS). Brain metastases are responsible for 20 to 54 percent of deaths in patients with melanoma, and among those with documented brain metastases, these lesions contribute to death in up to 95 percent of cases, with an estimated median overall survival ranging between 1.8 and 10.5 months, depending upon other prognostic factors.

Ipilimumab is an anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (anti-CTLA4) monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated a clinically relevant and statistically significant improvement in overall survival, either alone (second line) or in combination with dacarbazine (DTIC) in 1st line.

Ipilimumab has shown activity against brain metastases.

According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved label for Yervoy®, the use of glucocorticoids at baseline (commonly prescribed when brain metastases are diagnosed) should be avoided before the administration of ipilimumab. Data show that the use of even high doses of glucocorticoids for the management of immune-related adverse events do not decrease the efficacy of Yervoy®. There is no documented experience on the efficacy of Yervoy® when given concomitantly with radiation therapy and glucocorticoids.

In experimental models, radiation therapy is synergistic to anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (anti-CTLA4) strategies (abscopal effect).

There are no published results from clinical trials on the interaction between radiation therapy and ipilimumab.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2014-04-04
• Study First Submitted: 2014-04-10
• Study First Submitted QC: 2014-04-14
• Study First Posted: 2014-04-15
• Primary Completion: 2016-12-31
• Study Completion: 2018-07-31
• Results First Submitted: 2021-06-11
• Results First Submitted QC: 2021-06-11
• Results First Posted: 2021-07-01
• Status Verified: 2022-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2022-10-10
• Last Update Posted: 2022-11-08

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 58

Inclusion Criteria

1. Willing and able to give written informed consent.

2. Histologic diagnosis of melanoma.

3. First episode of radiological evidence of brain metastases

4. Be over the age of 18 years old

5. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG-RPA) class 2

6. Karnofsky performance status (PS) more than 70%

7. Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living more than 10

8. Measurable disease (mWHO criteria).

9. Adequate organ function as determine by the following criteria:

   • White blood count (WBC) more or equal to 2000/ microliter (uL)
   • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) more than 1.5 x 109/L.
   • Platelet count more than 75 x 109/L.
   • Hemoglobin more than 9 g/dL. If the patient received a red blood count (RBC) transfusion, the required value of hemoglobin should be met at least 1 week after the most recent transfusion.
   • Serum creatinine less or equal to 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN).
   • Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less or equal to 2.5 x ULN for patients without liver metastasis, or less or equal to 5 times for liver metastases.
   • Total bilirubin less or equal 2.0 x ULN, (except patients with Gilbert's Syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin less than 3.0 mg/dL)

10. Persons of reproductive potential must agree to use an adequate method of contraception throughout treatment and for at least 26 weeks after ipilimumab is stopped

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients with melanoma and brain metastases with any of the following disease-specific characteristics:

   • Documented evidence of prior progression of melanoma to an ipilimumab-containing regimen (i.e. received at least 2 doses of ipilimumab for either advanced disease or in the adjuvant setting and the disease progressed/relapsed (according to mWHO criteria) within 24 weeks since the first dose of ipilimumab)
   • Prior radiation therapy to the brain
   • Other prior antineoplastic therapies for brain metastases.
   • Patients with cerebral metastases as the only location of the disease, for which local therapy (neurosurgery, radiosurgery) could achieve a disease-free status
   • Patients with a rapid clinical deterioration, or with risk of herniation, or who require unstable ascending dosing of supportive medication in the last week -including anti-convulsivants, steroids and analgesics-, or who require dexamethasone more than 16 mg/d (or other glucocorticoid at an equipotent dose), or with a high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) more than 2 x ULN.

2. Any other malignancy form which the patient has been disease-free for less than 5 years, with the exception of adequately treated and cured basal or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or incidental prostate cancer.

3. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c more than 9 %)

4. Autoimmune disease other than vitiligo or past thyroiditis under substitutive hormone therapy: Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease, are excluded from this study, as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis [scleroderma], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis [eg, Wegener's Granulomatosis]); motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis).

5. Other chronic intestinal diseases associated with diarrhea.

6. Active infection or other serious illness or medical condition.

7. Known active or chronic infection with HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C.

8. Concomitant therapy with any of the following: interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon, or other non-study immunotherapy regimens; cytotoxic chemotherapy; immunosuppressive agents; other investigation therapies; or chronic use of systemic corticosteroids (used for the management of non-cancer related illnesses), either concomitantly or during the last 30 days prior to the beginning of the treatment.

9. Any experimental therapy administered in the past 30 days prior to the beginning of the treatment.

10. Any non-oncology vaccine therapy used for the prevention of infectious diseases (for up to 4 weeks prior to or after any dose of blinded study drug) (see definitions in protocol text)

11. Prisoners or subjects who are compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (eg, infectious) illness.

12. Any other general, medical or psychological conditions which in the opinion of the investigator will make the administration of ipilimumab hazardous, or that would preclude appropriate informed consent or compliance with the protocol, or obscure the interpretation of eventual adverse events (AEs).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Ipilimumab	Ipilimumab	Ipilimumab 3mg/Kg iv q 3 weeks for 4 cycles Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) 30 Gy in 10 fractions (or radiobiological equivalent schedule, after Sponsor approval), starting between Cycle 1 Day 2 and Cycle 2 Day 1

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
1-year Survival Rate	From date of inclusion until the date of first documented date of death from any cause, assessed every 3 weeks during for the first 6 months, then every 3 months. Up to 1 year	During treatment period, there will be assessments every cycle. After end of treatment every 3 month.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)	Within 4 weeks before start treatment, week 12, 17+/-1 and every 9 + / -1 weeks until progression up to 12 months after last patient treatment initiation.	Median time from treatment initiation to progression of disease. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions
Intracranial PFS	Within 4 weeks before start treatment, week 12, 17+/-1 and every 9 + / -1 weeks until progression up to 12 months after last patient treatment initiation.	median, 6-month PFS rate
Extracranial PFS	Within 4 weeks before start treatment, week 12, 17+/-1 and every 9 + / -1 weeks until progression up to 12 months after last patient treatment initiation.	median, 6-month PFS rate
Overall Survival	From date of inclusion until the date of first documented date of death from any cause, assessed every 3 weeks during for the first 6 months, then every 3 months.	median value for OS estimated by kaplan meier method
Response Rate	Within 4 weeks before start treatment, week 12, 17+/-1 and every 9 + / -1 weeks until progression up to 12 months after last patient treatment initiation.	Measured according to Who response criteria and Immune-related response criteria.; Response for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.
Adverse Event Rates	From date of inclusion until the date of first documented date of death from any cause or end of study, assessed every 3 weeks during for the first 6 months, then every 3 months.	Number of patients with at least one treatment-related toxicity, classified by grade.
Rate of Dose Delays/Reductions and Treatment Exposure.	Expected average of 3 weeks during for the first 6 months, then every 3 months.	Treatment feasibility. Number of patients with treatment delays and reductions, categorized as function of the number of events (reductions/delays)

Trial Locations

Locations (12)

H.U. Virgen Macarena; 🇪🇸 Sevilla, Spain

Clínica Universidad de Navarra; 🇪🇸 Pamplona, Spain

H. Clinic de Barcelona; 🇪🇸 Barcelona, Spain

H. Insular de Canarias; 🇪🇸 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Instituto Valenciano de Oncología; 🇪🇸 Valencia, Spain

Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; 🇪🇸 Madrid, Spain

Hospital Vall d'Hebron; 🇪🇸 Barcelona, Spain

ICO Badalona; 🇪🇸 Badalona, Spain

H. U. Gregorio Marañón; 🇪🇸 Madrid, Spain

H. Clínico de Santiago; 🇪🇸 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

H. Virgen de la Salud; 🇪🇸 Toledo, Spain

H. General de Valencia; 🇪🇸 Valencia, Spain