Combination Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
- Conditions
- Colorectal Cancer
- Interventions
- Registration Number
- NCT00613080
- Lead Sponsor
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
- Brief Summary
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Specialized radiation therapy that delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor may kill more tumor cells and cause less damage to normal tissue. Giving these treatments before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed. Giving chemotherapy after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery.
PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying the side effects and how well giving combination chemotherapy together with intensity-modulated radiation therapy works in treating patients undergoing surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer.
- Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES:
Primary
* To determine whether the incidence of neoadjuvant acute gastrointestinal toxicity (grade ≥ 2) associated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is reduced by inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based radiation treatment when compared with conventionally delivered radiotherapy, as was utilized in the capecitabine and oxaliplatin arm of RTOG-0247 (NCT00081289).
Secondary
* To evaluate the feasibility of performing IMRT in a cooperative group setting for the treatment of rectal cancer.
* To estimate the incidence of all toxicity (hematologic and non-hematologic) associated with protocol treatment in the neoadjuvant period, the adjuvant period, and overall.
* To estimate the pathologic complete response rate following neoadjuvant IMRT-based chemoradiotherapy.
* To estimate the time to treatment failure and patterns of failure.
* To correlate pre- and post-treatment levels of serum cytokines with symptoms during and pathological outcomes following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.
* To evaluate the rate of abdominoperineal resections.
OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.
* Chemoradiotherapy: Patients undergo inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy to the pelvis once daily, 5 days a week, for 5 weeks (total of 45 Gy) and a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy boost to gross disease once daily for 3 days (total of 45 Gy). Beginning on the first day of radiotherapy and continuing through completion of radiotherapy, patients receive oral capecitabine twice daily, 5 days a week, for 5 weeks and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29.
* Surgery: Within 4-8 weeks after completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients undergo resection of the rectal tumor.
* Adjuvant chemotherapy: Beginning 4-8 weeks after surgery, patients with completely resected disease and negative surgical margins receive leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV bolus on day 1 and fluorouracil IV infusion continuously over 46 hours beginning on day 1 . Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 9 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Patients are followed every 3 months after the start of treatment for 2 years, every 6 months for years 3-5, and then annually thereafter.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 79
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- SINGLE_GROUP
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description IMRT + Chemotherapy , Resection, Postoperative Chemotherapy radiation therapy Radiation therapy (intensity modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] + three dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3D-CRT\]) + neoadjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) IMRT + Chemotherapy , Resection, Postoperative Chemotherapy FOLFOX Radiation therapy (intensity modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] + three dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3D-CRT\]) + neoadjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) IMRT + Chemotherapy , Resection, Postoperative Chemotherapy resection Radiation therapy (intensity modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] + three dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3D-CRT\]) + neoadjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) IMRT + Chemotherapy , Resection, Postoperative Chemotherapy capecitabine Radiation therapy (intensity modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] + three dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3D-CRT\]) + neoadjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) IMRT + Chemotherapy , Resection, Postoperative Chemotherapy oxaliplatin Radiation therapy (intensity modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] + three dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3D-CRT\]) + neoadjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method The Percentage of Patients Experiencing Treatment-related Gastrointestinal Adverse Events ≥ Grade 2 Per National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 3.0, Occurring Preoperatively From start of treatment to surgery or ≤ 90 days from the Start of Concurrent Treatment (for patients not undergoing surgery) The percentage of patients experiencing preoperative treatment-related gastrointestinal adverse events ≥ grade 2. If patient did not receive surgery, then such adverse events \<= 90 days from the start of concurrent treatment are included.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Overall Survival: 4-year Rate From registration to four years Overall survival time is defined as time from registration to the date of death from any cause. Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact.
Number of Patients in Protocol Adherence Categories for Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Planning Pretreatment Real-time quality assurance was performed remotely by the study chair or the radiation oncology co-chair prior to initiation of treatment for the first 40 cases. The final cases enrolled were reviewed within 3 months after accrual was completed. Review included evaluation of clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV), Organs at Risk (OARs), and treatment plan dosimetry.
Local-regional Failure: 4-year Rate From registration to four years Local failure is defined as: (1) any recurrence or surgery to the primary site after a complete response (CR) reported at surgery or reported after the end of protocol treatment; or (2) persistence \[failure at one day post study entry\], absence of CR after protocol treatment was completed and patient lived at least 90 days from the end of treatment. Regional failure is defined as: (1) any recurrence after a nodal CR reported at surgery or reported after the end of protocol treatment; or (2) persistence, absence of nodal CR after protocol treatment was completed and patient lived at least 90 days from the end of treatment. Local-regional failure time is defined as time from registration to local or regional failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death (competing risk). Local-regional failure rates are estimated by the cumulative incidence method.
Disease-free Survival: 4-year Rate From registration to four years Disease is defined as local-regional failure or distant failure. Distant failure is defined as the appearance of peritoneal seeding or distant metastases. Local-regional failure is defined as: (1) any recurrence or surgery to the primary site after a complete response (CR) / any recurrence after a nodal CR - reported at surgery or reported after the end of protocol treatment; or (2) persistence \[failure at one day post study entry\], absence of primary/nodal CR after protocol treatment was completed and patient lived at least 90 days from the end of treatment. Disease-free survival time is defined as time from registration to the date of disease, death, or last known follow-up (censored). Disease-free survival rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Number of Patients Who Underwent Abdominoperineal Resection Surgery occurred 4 to 8 weeks following the completion of radiation therapy, approximately 9-13 weeks from start of treatment. All patients were to undergo surgery 4 to 8 weeks following the completion of radiation therapy. The choice of procedure (abdominoperineal resection (APR), low anterior resection (LAR), or LAR/coloanal anastomosis) was at the discretion of the surgeon. If more than 28 patients received abdominoperineal resection, this would result in a conclusion of an excessive number of abdominoperineal resections.
Percentage of Patients With Grade 3 or Higher Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 From study registration to end of follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 5.2 years. Grade refers to the severity of the adverse event (AE). The CTCAE v3.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild AE, Grade 2 Moderate AE, Grade 3 Severe AE, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5 Death related to AE. Adverse events were compiled in four different time periods: 1) Preoperative: Preoperatively or, if no surgery, then ≤ 90 days from the Start of Concurrent Treatment; 2) Postoperative#1: Postoperatively and ≤ 30 days from the Date of Surgery; 3) Postoperative#2: Postoperatively and ≤ 90 days from the End of Postoperative Chemotherapy; 4) Overall: From start of concurrent treatment to end of follow-up;
Distant Failure: 4-year Rate From registration to four years Distant failure is defined as the appearance of peritoneal seeding or distant metastases. Time to distant failure is defined as time from registration to the date of distant failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death (competing risk). Distant failure rates are estimated by the cumulative incidence method.
Number of Patients With Pathologic Complete Response At the time of surgery, which is 4-8 weeks after radiation therapy, approximately 9-13 weeks from treatment start. Pathologic complete response is defined as no evidence of residual cancer histologically in the resection specimen.
Trial Locations
- Locations (120)
Providence Cancer Center at Providence Hospital
🇺🇸Mobile, Alabama, United States
Auburn Radiation Oncology
🇺🇸Auburn, California, United States
Radiation Oncology Centers - Cameron Park
🇺🇸Cameron Park, California, United States
Mercy Cancer Center at Mercy San Juan Medical Center
🇺🇸Carmichael, California, United States
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Duarte, California, United States
California Cancer Center - Woodward Park Office
🇺🇸Fresno, California, United States
Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center
🇺🇸La Jolla, California, United States
Radiation Oncology Center - Roseville
🇺🇸Roseville, California, United States
Radiological Associates of Sacramento Medical Group, Incorporated
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
Mercy General Hospital
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
Scroll for more (110 remaining)Providence Cancer Center at Providence Hospital🇺🇸Mobile, Alabama, United States