Phase 1 Study of Periodontal Disease and Obese Individuals That Investigate of Local and Systemic Antioxidant Levels of Before and After Periodontal Treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on glutathione levels in the plasma, GCF and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Diagnosed as obese (n=30) and normal-weight (n=30) individuals were categorized; chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy controls (PH). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), plasma, saliva samples and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and a month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Unstimulated salivary samples were collected using standard techniques. About 2 mL whole saliva was collected in disposable tubes and centrifuged immediately to remove cell debris (10,000 g x 10 minutes). The supernatants (50µL each) were stored at -40C until analyzed. GCF samples were collected from a mesio-buccal and disto-palatal site on each tooth. In the CP group, the samples were obtained from patients at areas with ≥5 mm CAL, ≥6 mm PD and ≥30% bone loss. In gingivitis group, GCF samples were obtained from teeth with BOP and without CAL. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from teeth exhibiting PD<3 mm without CAL and BOP. The area was isolated with cotton rolls, saliva contamination elimination was ensured, and it was slightly air dried. GCF was sampled with paper strips. Paper strips were placed into the crevice until mild resistance was felt (intracrevicular method) and left in the position for 30 seconds. Strips contaminated with blood or saliva were discarded. Each sampled strip was placed into a 400µl eppendorf centrifuge tube and stored at -40C until analyzed.

Five milliliters of venous blood was taken from antecubital vein by using a standard venipuncture method. Obtained blood sample was collected in vacutainer tubes and anti-coagulated with EDTA. The blood samples were then stored at -40C until required for use in ELISAs.

Power analysis indicated that 12 individuals for each group would be sufficient to achieve 80% power to detect a difference of 0.05 between the alternative and the null hypotheses.