Comparison of Use of Indocyanine Green and 99mTc-labeled Radiotracer for Axillary Lymphatic Mapping in Patients With Breast Cancer

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Stage I Breast Cancer
Stage II Breast Cancer

Interventions: Drug: Indocyanine Green Solution
Radiation: Technetium Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid
Procedure: Lymphoscintigraphy
Procedure: Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy

Registration Number: NCT02419807

Lead Sponsor: Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

Brief Summary: This clinical trial will enroll up to 130 adult women with a confirmed diagnosis of clinical stage 1 or 2 breast cancer who are undergoing breast cancer surgery with lumpectomy or mastectomy and planned axillary sentinel node biopsy procedure. Participants will undergo lymphatic mapping with technetium Tc-99m (99mTc) sulfur colloid in accordance with routine clinical practice. Injections of 99mTc sulfur colloid will take place the afternoon prior to planned next morning surgery or on the morning of surgery. Participants will undergo lymphoscintigraphy in accordance with standard clinical practice.

Immediately prior to operation, after the induction of anesthesia in the operating room, up to 1cc of 0.5% indocyanine green (ICG) solution will be injected subdermally close to the tumor or into the subareolar region after disinfection of the breast skin. ICG movement will be facilitated by manual massage and monitored with fluorescence imaging. ICG fluorescence will be elicited and detected by Photodynamic Eye (PDE) camera. The lymphatic drainage, made evident by the fluorescent dye, will be monitored in real time on a monitor. The fluorescence will be followed towards the armpit region (axilla) and time for the fluorescence to reach the axilla will be recorded. Following standard practice, an incision will be made in the armpit region. Fluorescent lymph nodes (ICG positive) will be localized and removed and analyzed by a pathologist. Node removal will continue until no residual fluorescence is visible in the axilla. Removed nodes will be tested for radioactivity using a standard gamma-detecting probe and the counts per minute will be recorded. Finally, the armpit region will be inspected with the gamma probe to determine if there are any residual radioactive nodes. Residual sentinel nodes (the first node to receive lymph from a tumor) will be removed. For the purposes of this study, the sentinel status of a node will be defined as being flagged as sentinel by either one or both of the ICG or 99mTc methods. The goal of the project is to confirm that axillary lymphatic mapping with ICG leads to similar nodes being labeled as sentinel as lymphatic mapping with 99mTc-labeled radiotracer.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To confirm that axillary lymphatic mapping with indocyanine green solution (ICG) solution leads to a similar number of nodes being labeled as sentinel as lymphatic mapping with 99mTc-labeled (technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid) radiotracer.

OUTLINE:

Participants receive technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid injection and undergo lymphoscintigraphy according to clinical practice. Prior to surgery, participants also receive indocyanine green solution subdermally close to the tumor or into subareolar region of the breast skin. Participants then undergo axillary sentinel node biopsy and surgery.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Female

Target Recruitment: 102

Inclusion Criteria

Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of clinical stage 1 or 2 breast cancer
Participants who are undergoing breast cancer surgery with lumpectomy or mastectomy
Participants with planned axillary sentinel node biopsy procedure

Exclusion Criteria

Participants with cancer > 3 cm
Participants with clinically positive nodes
Participants with prior surgery for breast cancer in the index breast
Participants who have had bilateral breast surgeries
Thyroid dysfunction
Hypersensitivity to iodine
Hepatic insufficiency
Renal insufficiency

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Diagnostic (indocyanine green, 99mTc-labeled radiotracer)	Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy	Participants receive technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid injection and undergo lymphoscintigraphy according to clinical practice. Prior to surgery, participants also receive indocyanine green solution subdermally close to the tumor or into subareolar region of the breast skin. Participants then undergo Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy and surgery.
Diagnostic (indocyanine green, 99mTc-labeled radiotracer)	Indocyanine Green Solution	Participants receive technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid injection and undergo lymphoscintigraphy according to clinical practice. Prior to surgery, participants also receive indocyanine green solution subdermally close to the tumor or into subareolar region of the breast skin. Participants then undergo Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy and surgery.
Diagnostic (indocyanine green, 99mTc-labeled radiotracer)	Technetium Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid	Participants receive technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid injection and undergo lymphoscintigraphy according to clinical practice. Prior to surgery, participants also receive indocyanine green solution subdermally close to the tumor or into subareolar region of the breast skin. Participants then undergo Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy and surgery.
Diagnostic (indocyanine green, 99mTc-labeled radiotracer)	Lymphoscintigraphy	Participants receive technetium Tc-99m sulfur colloid injection and undergo lymphoscintigraphy according to clinical practice. Prior to surgery, participants also receive indocyanine green solution subdermally close to the tumor or into subareolar region of the breast skin. Participants then undergo Axillary Lymph Node Biopsy and surgery.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Proportion of Sentinel Lymph Nodes (SLNs) Flagged by the Two Methods	Baseline	Let A be the number of Tc-positive and ICG-positive sentinel nodes (SNs) detected, B be the number of Tc-positive and ICG-negative SNs detected, and C be the number of Tc-negative and ICG-positive SNs detected. The total number (N) of SNs detected is therefore N = (A + B + C); the proportion of SNs detected by the Tc method (PTc) is (A + B)/N; and the proportion of SNs detected by the ICG method (PICG) is (A + C)/N. Differences in the proportions of SLNs flagged will be compared using a two-sided 95% confidence interval.

Secondary Outcome Measures