Effects of Energy Density and Portion Size of Milk in Preschool Children

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Feeding Behaviors
• Interventions: Behavioral: High energy density; Behavioral: Low energy density; Behavioral: Large portion; Behavioral: Small portion

• Registration Number: NCT02755558
• Lead Sponsor: Penn State University

Brief Summary

In this study, the investigators varied both the energy density and portion size of milk served with a meal commonly consumed by preschool children. The milk used in this study is commercially available and reflects typical variations in energy density. The primary aim of the study is to investigate the independent and combined effects of milk energy density and portion size on preschool children's intake of the milk and the simultaneously served meal. The effect of milk energy density and portion size on children's total energy intake at the meal will also be evaluated.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2014-09
• Primary Completion: 2015-05
• Study Completion: 2015-05
• Study First Submitted: 2016-04-22
• Study First Submitted QC: 2016-04-26
• Study First Posted: 2016-04-29
• Status Verified: 2017-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-03-17
• Last Update Posted: 2017-03-21

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 143

Inclusion Criteria

• Children must be enrolled in participating childcare centers

Exclusion Criteria

• Allergy or intolerance to any of the foods or beverages served

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Low energy density, large portion	Large portion	Low milk energy density and large portion size
High energy density, small portion	High energy density	High milk energy density and small portion size
Low energy density, small portion	Low energy density	Low milk energy density and small portion size
Low energy density, small portion	Small portion	Low milk energy density and small portion size
High energy density, large portion	High energy density	High milk energy density and large portion size
Low energy density, large portion	Low energy density	Low milk energy density and large portion size
High energy density, large portion	Large portion	High milk energy density and large portion size
High energy density, small portion	Small portion	High milk energy density and small portion size

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Difference between experiential conditions for milk, food, and total intake by energy	once a week for 4 weeks	Difference between experimental conditions for milk intake (energy in kcal), food intake (energy in kcal), and total meal energy intake (energy in kcal)
Difference between experimental conditions for milk, food, and total intake by weight	once a week for 4 weeks	Difference between experimental conditions in milk intake (weight in grams), food intake (weight in grams), total meal intake (weight in grams)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Meal energy density	once a week for 4 weeks	Meal energy density (energy density in kcal/g)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

The Pennsylvania State University, Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behavior; 🇺🇸 University Park, Pennsylvania, United States