A Causal Role for Voltage-gated Cav1.2 Calcium Channels in Mediating 5G FR1 Effects on Sleep-associated Brain Health in Humans
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 30
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Sleep spindle center frequency
研究概览
简要总结
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by the use of 5G technology influence certain sleep characteristics, especially in individuals carrying a specific genetic variant of a protein in the brain that regulates the activity of nerve cells. This protein is a voltage-gated calcium channel called CaV1.2 and could be involved in the effects of 5G technology on sleep. The calcium channel CaV1.2 can be selectively blocked by the drug nimodipine.
To demonstrate that CaV1.2 is indeed involved in the effects of 5G technology on sleep, the researchers are investigating in this study, with healthy subjects carrying the sought-after genetic variant, whether the administration of nimodipine and thus the blockade of the calcium channel before exposure mitigates or eliminates the effects of EMF on sleep health.
详细描述
This study tests a causal role of voltage-gated CaV1.2 calcium channels in mediating the effects of a 5G electromagnetic field on sleep-related brain health in humans.
The study comprises a large-scale genetic screening in order to select the allele-carriers, a sleep screening night, and four experimental nights where participants are exposed to either an active 5G field or sham, combined with either nimodipine (which is a brain-penetrant L-type calcium channel blocker) or placebo. Participants will undergo polysomnographic recordings, high-density electroencephalography (EEG) during wake, peripheral measurements, cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 40 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •For the first part of the study (genotyping and questionnaires):
- •Age: 20-40 years old.
- •German and/or English language skills (reading and writing)
- •Informed Consent as documented by signature
- •For the second and third party of the study:
- •Completion of the first part of the present study or of the precursor study (BASEC-ID: 2016-02049)
- •CACNA1C rs7304986 T/C allele-carrier
- •Male gender
- •Female gender if using hormonal contraception for the duration of the study (e.g., pill as combination/single preparation, three-month injection, hormonal IUD, hormonal implant, hormonal patch)
- •Right-handedness
- •Body Mass Index (BMI): BMI comprised between 17.0 kg/m2 and 26.0 kg/m2
- •Moderate alcohol consumption (less than 5 reported alcoholic drinks per week)
- •Moderate caffeine consumption (less than 3 reported caffeinated beverage or food products per day such as cola, coffee, energy drinks, green and black tea, chocolate)
- •Informed Consent as documented by signature.
排除标准
- •For the second and third party of the study:
- •Travel with a time difference of more than 2 time zones in the last 30 days before study entry or during the study period
- •Shift work at night
- •Extreme chronotype or duration of sleep (5 hours < reported habitual sleep duration per night > 10 hours)
- •Known sleep disorders or diseases
- •Serious acute or chronic neurological, mental, or general medical conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose a risk to participation or affect study measurements
- •Use of medications (regularly or during the study period) that, in the opinion of the investigator, may affect study measurements.
- •Use of illegal drugs
- •Smoking (or other tobacco use)
- •Known or suspected non-compliance with the investigators' indications
- •Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g., due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc.
- •Severe skin allergies or hypersensitivities
- •Participation in another clinical trial in the last 30 days prior to inclusion or during the present study
- •Contraindications to nimodipine, e.g., known hypersensitivity or allergy to nimodipine or any of the excipients
- •Other cases in which the use of nimodipine is discouraged according to the summary of product characteristics (SPC)
- •Women who are pregnant or breast feeding
- •Intention to become pregnant during the course of the study
- •Lack of safe contraception, defined as: female participants of childbearing potential, not using and not willing to continue using a medically reliable method of contraception for the entire study duration, such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices, or who are not using any other method considered sufficiently reliable by the investigator in individual cases (Note: Female participants who are surgically sterilized / hysterectomized or post-menopausal for longer than 2 years are not considered as being of child bearing potential)
- •Sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus index of ≥ 5 per hour of sleep (as assessed during the screening night)
- •Sleep efficiency < 80% (as assessed during the screening night)
- •Other relevant findings in the screening/adaptation night (e.g., indications of sleep disorders), which in the opinion of the investigator may pose a risk for participation or influence the study measurements.
研究组 & 干预措施
Arm2
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm2
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm1
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining eighteen sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm1
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining eighteen sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm3
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm3
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm4
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm4
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm6
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm6
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm7
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm7
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm8
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm8
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm9
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm9
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm10
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm10
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm11
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm11
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm12
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm12
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm5
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm5
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm13
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm13
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm14
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm14
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm15
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm15
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm16
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm16
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm17
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm17
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm18
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm18
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm19
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm19
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm20
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm20
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm21
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm21
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm22
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm22
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm23
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm23
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
Arm24
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: Nimodipine Capsules (Drug)
Arm24
The study includes 24 arms, each corresponding to one of the 24 unique sequences in which the four intervention combinations (drug/placebo × active/sham) can be administered. Given that the expected total sample size is 30 participants, six of these sequences will be randomly assigned to two participants, while the remaining 18 sequences will be assigned to one participant each.
干预措施: 5G RF-EMF (Radiation)
结局指标
主要结局
Sleep spindle center frequency
时间窗: Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions
In previous research, the investigators detected a positive shift in the sleep spindle center frequency (during NREM sleep phase) after 30-min pre-sleep exposure to a 5G signal at 3600 MHz, 100 MHz bandwidth in heterozygous T/C allele-carriers (rs7304986) compared to sham. The sleep spindle center frequency is a parameter that can be extracted from the overnight electroencephalographic recordings.
次要结局
- Mental suggestibility tendency(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Pregnancy status(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Sex distribution of participants(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Age of Participants(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- EEG power spectra during Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement (NREM) sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Total sleep time(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Neurocognitive performance as assessed in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT)(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, pre- and post-sleep)
- Heart rate(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from electrocardiographic recordings during pre-sleep exposure and polysomnographic overnight recordings)
- Handedness of participants(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- BMI of participants(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Highest level of education of participants(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Phone call time(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Caffeine consumption(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Alcohol consumption(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) status(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Sleep disturbances(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Comorbidities(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Night-shift work(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Use of medications(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Use of illegal drugs(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Use of tobacco products(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Subjective sleep quality(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Daytime sleepiness(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Depressive tendency(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Diurnal preference(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Habitual bedtime(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Habitual rise time(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Reported time to fall asleep(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Reported sleep duration(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Nocturnal mentation(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- Schizotypal tendency(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- ADHD tendency(At the large-scale genetic screening)
- EEG power spectra during wakefulness(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from pre- and post-sleep wake electroencephalographic recordings)
- EEG power spectra during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum during NREM sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum during REM sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum during wakefulness(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from pre- and post-sleep wake electroencephalographic recordings)
- Periodic component of the EEG power spectrum during NREM sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Periodic component of the EEG power spectrum during REM sleep(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions.)
- Periodic component of the EEG power spectrum during wakefulness(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from pre- and post-sleep wake electroencephalographic recordings)
- Sleep efficiency(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Sleep latency(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions.)
- Wakefulness after sleep onset(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Time spent in the different sleep stages(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from overnight electroencephalographic recordings following randomized combinations of drug (nimodipine or placebo) and RF-EMF exposure (5G or sham), with a minimum of 3 days washout between sessions)
- Neurocognitive performance as assessed in the sequential finger tapping task (FTT)(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, pre- and post-sleep)
- Neurocognitive performance as assessed in the visuospatial 2D Object Location Task (OLT)(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, pre- and post-sleep)
- Heart rate variability(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from electrocardiographic recordings during pre-sleep exposure and polysomnographic overnight recordings)
- Pupil size(Assessed on each of the four experimental nights, from pupillometry recordings during pre-sleep exposure.)
研究者
Hans-Peter Landolt
Prof. Dr. sc. nat.
University of Zurich