Effect of Magnesium sulphate,Lidocaine and Dexmedetomidine on tracheal extubation response in patients under General anaesthesia - A double blinded randomised comparative prospective study

Tracheal extubation is a critical phase of general anaesthesia and is not simply a reversal of the process of intubation because conditions are often less favourable that at the start of anaesthesia . At extubation, there is a transition from a controlled to an uncontrolled situation often associated with undesirable airway and hemodynamic responses including coughing, hypertension, tachycardia, laryngospasm and increased intracranial or intraocular pressure. These responses can lead to significant complications, especially in high risk patients. To mitigate these effects, several agents have been used. Magenisum sulphate acts as a calcium antagonist and NMDA receptor blocker, providing smooth muscle relaxation and attenuation of sympathetic responses. Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, stabilizes neuronal membranes and suppresses airway reflexes. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist offers sedation, analgesia and sympatholysis, thus promoting smooth extubation. This study aims to compare the effictiveness of magnesium sulphate, lidocaine and dexmedetomidine in attenuating extubation responses in patients undergoing oncosurgery under general anaesthesia