Biologically-Adapted, Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma, BEAR Trial

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Ewing Sarcoma; Round Cell Sarcoma With EWSR1-non-ETS Fusion
• Interventions: Procedure: Biospecimen Collection; Drug: Chemotherapy; Procedure: Computed Tomography; Procedure: Conventional Radiotherapy; Procedure: Definitive Surgical Resection; Radiation: Dose-escalated Radiation Therapy; Radiation: External Beam Radiation Therapy; Other: Electronic Health Record Review; Radiation: Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy; Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Radiation: Radiation Therapy

• Registration Number: NCT07188532
• Lead Sponsor: Mayo Clinic

Brief Summary

This clinical trial evaluates the effect of radiotherapy doses based on tumor size and tumor-specific characteristics (biologically-adapted) in treating patients with Ewing sarcoma. Radiotherapy uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Conventional radiotherapy uses minimal imaging support to determine the positioning of radiotherapy. Hypofractionated radiotherapy delivers higher doses of radiotherapy over a shorter period of time and may kill more tumor cells and have fewer side effects. Dose-escalated radiotherapy uses doses that are higher than those used in conventional radiotherapy. Larger tumor sizes and other tumor-specific characteristics have been shown to be related to poorer outcomes. In addition, after dose-escalated radiotherapy, patients with larger tumors have demonstrated improved control of the disease at the primary tumor site. Giving biologically-adapted, dose-escalated radiotherapy may reduce the return of the cancer at the primary tumor site in patients with Ewing sarcoma with large tumors and other unfavorable characteristics. This clinical trial also evaluates the role of biomarkers in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Studying samples of blood and tumor tissue from patients with Ewing sarcoma in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about predicting the amount of disease and the likelihood of the cancer coming back.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-09
• Study First Submitted: 2025-09-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-09-16
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-09-16
• Study First Posted: 2025-09-23
• Last Update Posted: 2025-09-23
• Study Start: 2025-10-01
• Primary Completion: 2029-10-31
• Study Completion: 2029-10-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 141

Inclusion Criteria

PRE-REGISTRATION: INCLUSION CRITERIA

• Histological confirmation of Ewing sarcoma, including both skeletal and extra-skeletal primary tumors. Patients with "Ewing-like" sarcoma may be eligible if patients are planned to be treated per Ewing treatment paradigms, as defined in this clinical trial REGISTRATION: INCLUSION CRITERIA
• Patients of age ≥ 2 years are eligible for the study
• Lansky or Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70
• Ability to provide written informed consent and complete questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance
• Willing to provide blood samples for correlative research purposes
• COHORT A ONLY: Willing to provide biopsy sample to run Mayo Complete Solid Tumor Panel

Exclusion Criteria

REGISTRATION: EXCLUSION CRITERIA

• Prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy that, in the opinion of the treating medical oncologist or radiation oncologist, is considered to interfere with the current treatment or measurement of outcomes

• Receiving any investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm that is considered by the investigator to interfere with the current treatment or measurement of outcomes

  • Note: Co-enrollment on another clinical trial is allowed per the treating radiation oncologist's discretion

• Other active malignancy ≤ 1 year prior to registration that is considered by the investigator to interfere with the current treatment or measurement of outcomes

• Patients that have severe co-morbid systemic illness or other disease which would interfere significantly with the current treatment or measurement of outcomes

• Patients that have active uncontrolled systemic infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness or social situation that would limit study adherence

• Any of the following:

  • Pregnant patients
  • Nursing patients

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Chemotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Computed Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Conventional Radiotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Definitive Surgical Resection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Dose-escalated Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Electronic Health Record Review	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Positron Emission Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 1 (dose-escalated radiotherapy)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional dose-escalated radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-36 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Chemotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Computed Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Conventional Radiotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Definitive Surgical Resection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Electronic Health Record Review	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Positron Emission Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort A Group 2 (standard dose radiotherapy)	Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients then undergo hypofractionated or conventional standard dose radiotherapy daily, excluding weekends and holidays, for 25-31 treatment fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Chemotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Computed Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Definitive Surgical Resection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Electronic Health Record Review	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	External Beam Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Positron Emission Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort B (definitive radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients with tumor size \< 8cm at diagnosis undergo definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy or surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Chemotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Computed Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Conventional Radiotherapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Definitive Surgical Resection	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Electronic Health Record Review	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	External Beam Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Positron Emission Tomography	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.
Cohort C (radiotherapy, surgical resection)	Radiation Therapy	Patients may receive SOC chemotherapy every 2 weeks for at least 3 cycles prior to radiotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy before or after undergoing definitive surgical resection. Patients may also receive consolidation chemotherapy after completion of definitive radiotherapy and surgical resection. Patients also undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Additionally, patients may also undergo CT, PET/CT, and MRI with or without CT throughout the study at treating clinician's discretion.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Reduction in local failure for patients with large tumors (Cohort A)	Up to 2 years	Large tumors defined as ≥ 8cm. Will be compared to the historical control of 14.3%. Local failure will be defined per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Incidence of targeted, late grade 3 or greater adverse events (Cohort A)	Up to 1 year after completion of local therapy	Assessed per RECIST version 1.1. This rate will be calculated at a frequency and percentage with a 95% confidence interval reported based on the Exact Binomial Method.
Event-free survival (Cohort A)	Up to 1 year after completion of local therapy	Event-free survival (EFS) is defined as the time from study entry to any progression of disease or recurrence of disease or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
Time to progression (Cohort A)	Up to 1 year after completion of local therapy	Will be calculated descriptively, via frequencies and percentages at various timepoints of interest, including the 1-year local control rate. These rates will be calculated as frequencies and percentages with a 95% CIs reported as well based on the Exact Binomial Method.
Overall survival (Cohort A)	Up to 1 year after completion of local therapy	Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time from study entry to death from any cause, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The median OS and 95% CI will be reported, along with the 1-year OS rate and 95% CI.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Mayo Clinic in Rochester; 🇺🇸 Rochester, Minnesota, United States