The onset of walking and freezing in Parkinson patients compared to controls: A combined EEG-EMG study

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Completed

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 85

Inclusion Criteria

Healthy individuals:
o Perceived healthy
o Age >= 18 years, age- and sex-matched with PD patients without FOG for case-control study
o Right-handed according to the Annett Handedness scale
o Written informed consent
All PD Patients:
o able to walk properly (Hoehn & Yahr scale: Stage 2-3)
o PD diagnosis according to the UK Parkinson*s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria (A.J. Hughes, 1992)
o Age < 70 (to limit the presence of vascular problems)
o Right-handed according to the Annett Handedness scale
o Written informed consent
PD patients without FOG:
o self-reported absence of FOG
o Score=0 on (Dutch translation of) Giladi*s FOG questionnaire (Giladi et al., 2000)
o Absence of FOG on clinical examination during rapid bidirectional 360* turns and dual tasking (Snijders et al., 2012)
PD patients with FOG:
o self-reported FOG
o Score >=1 on (Dutch translation of) Giladi*s FOG questionnaire (Giladi et al., 2000) or presence of FOG on clinical examination during rapid bidirectional 360 degree turns and dual tasking (Snijders et al., 2012)

Exclusion Criteria

All participants
• Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <26 (to exclude low task performance due to cognitive disabilities)
• (other) neurological or motor disorder (for patients: other than PD)
• Use of medication influencing movement (for patients: other than for PD)
PD patients
• Tremor-dominant PD

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational non invasive

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Measures of cortico-cortical, cortico-muscular and musculo-muscular coupling<br /><br>(derived from dynamic coherence analysis) during the different tasks, compared<br /><br>between patients with and without FOG and controls. In addition, measures of<br /><br>gait such as step duration, gait velocity and walking rhythm during the<br /><br>different tasks, compared between patients and controls.</p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures