SMAC Mimetic LCL161 Alone or With Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma
Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Other: Pharmacological Study
Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Drug: Smac Mimetic LCL161

Registration Number: NCT01955434

Lead Sponsor: Mayo Clinic

Brief Summary: This phase II trial studies how well second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic LCL161 alone or with cyclophosphamide works in treating patients with multiple myeloma that has returned or does not respond to treatment. Biological therapies, such as SMAC mimetic LCL161, may stimulate the immune system in different ways and stop cancer cells from growing. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. It is not yet known whether giving SMAC mimetic LCL161 alone or with cyclophosphamide is more effective in treating multiple myeloma.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the confirmed overall response rate (\>= partial response \[PR\]) to LCL161 (SMAC mimetic LCL161), used as a single agent, in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate the confirmed overall response rate to LCL161 in combination with cyclophosphamide, when cyclophosphamide is added to LCL161 for lack of response or progression.

II. To estimate the overall survival and event-free survival of patients treated with LCL161 in combination with cyclophosphamide, when cyclophosphamide is added to LCL161 for lack of response or progression.

III. To evaluate the tolerability of LCL161 alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide in patients with relapsed MM.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine degradation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), changes in serum cytokines, and changes in immune cell subsets by flow cytometry.

II. To correlate the effect of LCL161 with the presence of activating mutations of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB) pathway.

III. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of LCL161 alone, and LCL161 in combination with cyclophosphamide.

IV. To describe patient-reported health-related quality of life and symptoms.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 6 months for 1 year.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 25

Inclusion Criteria

Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and has already received =< 4 standard treatment regimens; note: induction, transplant, consolidation, and maintenance is considered one regimen
Have received prior therapy with an immunomodulatory agent, a proteosome inhibitor, and glucocorticoids
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/uL
Untransfused platelet count >= 75,000/uL
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x ULN
Total bilirubin =< 1.5 mg/dL
Serum creatinine =< 2.5 mg/dL
Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL
Measurable disease of multiple myeloma as defined by at least ONE of the following:
- Serum monoclonal protein >= 1.0 g/dL
- >= 200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis
- Serum immunoglobulin free light chain >= 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio
- Monoclonal plasmacytosis >= 30% (evaluable disease)
- Measurable plasmacytoma that has not been radiated
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1, 2
Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan and laboratory tests
Able to swallow and retain oral medication
Provide informed written consent
Negative serum pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only
Willing to provide all biological specimens as required by the protocol for correlative research purposes
Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the active monitoring phase of the study)
Mayo Clinic Arizona only: Willing to participate in associated biobanking study, 919-04; the patient must sign consent to enroll onto the mandatory companion biobanking study in order to participate in this treatment study
Mayo Clinic Rochester and Florida only: Willing to participate in associated biobanking study, 521-93; the patient must sign consent to enroll onto the mandatory companion biobanking study in order to participate in this treatment study

Exclusion Criteria

Prior use of investigational drugs =< 14 days prior to registration
Prior use of growth factors =< 14 days prior to registration
Prior radiation therapy =< 14 days prior to registration
Prior autologous stem cell transplant =< 12 weeks prior to registration
Any of the following:
- Pregnant women
- Nursing women
- Women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception while receiving treatment on this study and for 4 months after stopping treatment on this study
- Men who are unwilling to use a condom (even if they have undergone a prior vasectomy) while having intercourse with any woman, while receiving treatment on this study and for 4 months after stopping treatment on this study NOTE: Postmenopausal women are allowed to participate in this study; women are considered post-menopausal and not of child bearing potential if they have had 12 months of natural (spontaneous) amenorrhea with an appropriate clinical profile (e.g. age appropriate, history of vasomotor symptoms) or have had surgical bilateral oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least six weeks ago; in the case of oophorectomy alone, a woman is considered to be of not child bearing potential only when her reproductive status has been confirmed by follow-up hormone level assessment
Prior allogeneic transplant of any kind
Known active infection requiring parenteral or oral anti-infective treatment
Serious psychiatric illness, active alcoholism, or drug addiction that may hinder or confuse follow-up evaluation
Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B or C viral infection
Active autoimmune/inflammatory conditions requiring ongoing immunosuppressive therapy
Use of more than low dose corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone up to but no more than 10 mg PO QD or its equivalent) for symptom management and comorbid conditions, except for the following:
- Topical applications (e.g. rash)
- Inhaled sprays (e.g. obstructive airways diseases)
- Eye drops or local injections (e.g. intra-articular)
- Joint injections (e.g. arthritis) Doses of corticosteroid should be stable for at least 7 days prior to registration
Any concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions that could increase the patient's risk for toxicity while in the study or that could confound discrimination between disease- and study treatment-related toxicities
Impaired cardiac function or clinically significant cardiac diseases, including any of the following:
- History or presence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia
- Presence of unstable atrial fibrillation (ventricular response > 100 bpm) (NOTE: patients with stable atrial fibrillation are eligible, provided they do not meet any of the other cardiac exclusion criteria)
- Clinically significant resting bradycardia (< 50 bpm)
- Angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction =< 3 months prior to registration
- Other clinically significant heart disease (e.g., symptomatic congestive heart failure; uncontrolled arrhythmia or hypertension; history of labile hypertension or poor compliance with an antihypertensive regimen)
Currently receiving treatment with agents that are metabolized solely through cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4/5 (CYP3A4/5) and have a narrow therapeutic index or are strong cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8 (CYP2C8) inhibitors; or are receiving treatment with agents that carry a risk for QT prolongation and are CYP3A substrates; caution should be used in patients taking other CYP2C8- or CYP3A4/5-interacting agents
Impaired gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of LCL161

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Treatment (SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide)	Quality-of-Life Assessment	Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide)	Smac Mimetic LCL161	Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients lacking a minor response by end of course 2 or partial response by end of course 4 may also receive cyclophosphamide PO QD on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients taking cyclophosphamide with less than a 25% interval reduction in paraprotein receive SMAC mimetic LCL161 on days 2, 9, 16, and 23. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Confirmed Overall Response Rate (Stringent Complete Response [sCR], Complete Response [CR], Very Good Partial Response [VGPR], or Partial Response [PR]) With Single Agent SMAC Mimetic LCL161	Up to 1 year	The primary endpoint of this study is the confirmed overall response rate with single agent LCL161 (prior to initiation of cyclophosphamide). A confirmed overall response is defined as sCR (CR as defined+Normal FLC ratio+Absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry), CR (Negative immunofixation of serum and urine+Disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytoma+\<5% PCs in Bone Marrow+a normal FLC ratio), VGPR (Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis), or PR (If present at baseline, ≥ 50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein or to \<200 mg/24hrs) noted as the objective status on two consecutive evaluations while receiving single agent LCL161.The rate (percentage) of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients times 100. 95% confidence intervals for the true success percentage will be calculated by the exact binomial method.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Combination Agent Response Rate	Up to 1 year	The overall response rate (percentage) with the addition of cyclophosphamide will be estimated by the number of patients who achieve a confirmed overall response at any time (with SMAC mimetic LCL161 plus cyclophosphamide) divided by the number of evaluable patients times 100. 95% confidence intervals for the true confirmed overall response rate will be calculated by the exact binomial method.
Event-free Survival	From registration to disease progression while receiving SMAC mimetic LCL161 and cyclophosphamide, death due to any cause, or subsequent treatment for multiple myeloma, assessed up to 1 year	The event-free survival time is defined as the time from registration to disease progression while receiving LCL161 and cyclophosphamide, death due to any cause, or subsequent treatment for multiple myeloma. Date of progression will be defined as the date that the criteria for progressive disease were first met after initiation of cyclophosphamide. If a patient goes off study treatment and never received cyclophosphamide, they will be censored on the date they went off study treatment. If a patient initiates cyclophosphamide but later discontinues cyclophosphamide due to toxicity and continues LCL161 alone, disease progression on LCL161 alone will be considered an event in this case. The distribution of event-free survival will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.
Incidence of Toxicities Graded Using National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0 (All Treatment)	Up to 30 days after the last day of study drug treatment	The maximum grade for each type of adverse event, regardless of causality, will be recorded and reported for each patient, and frequency tables will be reviewed to determine adverse event patterns. Additionally, the relationship of the adverse event(s) to the study treatment will be taken into consideration. The percentage of patients with a maximum grade 3 or higher adverse event are reported below.
Overall Survival	From registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 1 year	Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.

Trial Locations

Locations (3): Mayo Clinic in Arizona
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Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Mayo Clinic in Florida
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Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Mayo Clinic
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Rochester, Minnesota, United States