Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes MellitusCardiovascular Diseases
- Registration Number
- NCT05073692
- Lead Sponsor
- Kaiser Permanente
- Brief Summary
This study is designed to help patients with type 2 diabetes and their clinicians: (a) identify which glucose lowering medications have the most favorable effects on heart health and other patient-important outcomes, (b) inform the timing of medication initiation, and (c) identify whether medication benefits apply equally to all adults with type 2 diabetes, or may be different based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline heart health status, baseline renal function, or other factors.
- Detailed Description
The study will conduct head-to-head comparisons of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment strategies using observational data from real-world clinical settings to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and other patient-centered outcomes in T2DM patients with moderate baseline CVD risk who are treated with each of these four classes of glucose-lowering medications known as SGLT2, GLP-1RA, DPP4, and SU. To mitigate bias concerns related to confounding and informative loss to follow-up, analyses will be based on modern causal inference methods combined with machine learning that emulate intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses of pragmatic randomized trials with active comparators to provide the most robust and precise estimates of relative and absolute effects we would expect in usual care settings.
Specific Aims and Hypotheses:
Aim 1. Compare the effect off SGLT21, GLP-1RA, DPP4, and SU on each study outcome in adults with T2DM when each type of medication is (a) initiated as second-line therapy after metformin, and (b) initiated as first-, second-, or third-line therapy, or after any history of glucose-lowering therapy independent of prior metformin use.
Aim 2. Compare the effect on each study outcome of earlier versus later initiation of SGLT2i, GLP-1RA, DPP4, SU as first-, or second-, or third-line therapy, or after any history of glucose-lowering therapy triggered by various changes in A1C, or CVD risk, or other patient characteristics.
Aim 3. Assess in each of the prior analyses whether the treatment effects on study outcomes vary across categories of baseline CVD risk and CVD event history, renal function, congestive heart failure status, age, sex and race/ethnicity, or other patient characteristics.
Aim 4. Evaluate trends in new pharmacy dispensing of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA between 2014 and 2021, in aggregate and by age, sex, race and ethnicity and concurrent T2DM drug use
Aim 5. Evaluate trends in new pharmacy dispensing of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA between 2014 and 2021, by baseline ASCVD, heart failure and diabetic kidney disease.
Aim 6. Describe primary adherence, secondary adherence, and persistence for diabetes medication
Aim 7. Compare rates of primary non-adherence, secondary adherence, and medication persistence for brand name and generic medications for type 2 diabetes in specific subgroups of patients
Aim 8. Examine trends in medication possession for brand name medications over the course of the calendar year
Glucose-lowering medications will be compared at both the class and agent level. The key outcomes that will be considered are MACE 3-point, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Coronary or Carotid Artery Stent or Bypass Procedure, CVD Mortality, Overall Mortality. Additional patient-centered outcomes will be specified based on insights from stakeholder members of the research team.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 270000
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Incidence of 3-point Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) 1/1/2014 to 6/30/2021 3-point MACE is defined as a single outcome measure, which is a composite measure of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular disease death.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (6)
Romain S. Neugebauer
🇺🇸Oakland, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Southern California
🇺🇸Pasadena, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Hawaii
🇺🇸Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Henry Ford Health System
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
HealthPartners Institute
🇺🇸Bloomington, Minnesota, United States
Geisinger
🇺🇸Danville, Pennsylvania, United States