Ball Exercises and Stereotypic Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Registration Number: NCT05045339
• Lead Sponsor: University of Faisalabad

Brief Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-behavioral disorder associated with repetitive movements. The role of physical therapist towards an autistic child is most neglected one. Therefore, the objective of this study was to see the effectiveness of different ball exercise on stereotypic behavior of children with ASD. Different ball exercises were implemented for 2 months, 3 sessions per week and every session consist of 35 minutes.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2021-09-06
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-09-09
• Study First Posted: 2021-09-16
• Study Start: 2025-02-09
• Primary Completion: 2025-05-20
• Study Completion: 2025-05-28
• Status Verified: 2025-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-07-29
• Last Update Posted: 2025-08-03

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

• Children diagnosed with ASD through experts
• Having recognized stereotypic behavior
• Having Intellectual Deficit (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
• Age ranging between 4-16 years
• Consented to take part

Exclusion Criteria

• Having co-morbidities like schizophrenia and developmental delays
• Severe cases of ASD
• Showing aggressive behavior
• Having disease of cardiovascular or respiratory system
• Children unable to follow the command for exercise completely

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Stereotypic Behaviors	Two months	Stereotypic behavior was the sole parameter assessed in this study using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), a well-established instrument known for its strong reliability and validity. The RBS-R was employed to evaluate self-stimulatory behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This 43-item questionnaire is organized into six distinct subscales, each targeting a specific dimension of repetitive behavior.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

The University of Faisalabad; 🇵🇰 Faisalābad, Punjab, Pakistan