Determination of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Six Greek Honey Grades
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 11
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Capillary blood glucose responses
研究概览
简要总结
This study determined the glycemic index and glycemic load of six Greek honey varieties
详细描述
This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study investigated the glycemic response to six Greek honey grades differing in floral source and carbohydrate composition. Isoglucidic test meals (50g available carbohydrate) and 50g glucose reference were given to 11 clinically and metabolically healthy, fasting individuals (27±7 years; 9 women; BMI 24±4kg/m2), in random order. GI was calculated using the FAO/WHO method. Capillary blood glucose samples were collected at 0,15,30,45,60,90-and-120min. Salivary insulin samples were collected at 0,60-and-120min. Subjective appetite ratings (hunger, fullness and desire to eat) were assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS, 100mm) at baseline and 120min.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
Participants were assigned to the interventions using a sequence of random numbers extracted from computer software. A researcher not involved with the collection and the analysis of the scientific data, was responsible for the randomization of the volunteers to the intervention days examining the test foods. All test meals (glucose and honeys) were diluted in 300ml water and were served in dark paper cups covered with a lid in order to achieve double blind conditions.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •non-smoking
- •individuals with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2)
排除标准
- •coronary heart disease
- •diabetes mellitus
- •kidney disease
- •liver conditions
- •endocrine conditions
- •gastrointestinal disorders
- •pregnancy
- •lactation,
- •competitive sports
- •drug dependency
研究组 & 干预措施
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Thyme honey (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, tested three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Fir honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from fir honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Heather honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from heather honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Citrus honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from citrus honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Pine honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from pine honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Thyme honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from thyme honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Fir honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Heather honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Citrus honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Pine honey (Other)
Chestnut honey
Eleven metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 2, female: 9) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrate from chestnut honey, tested once, along with 300ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first drink.
干预措施: Chestnut honey (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Capillary blood glucose responses
时间窗: 2 hours
Clinically useful change in capillary blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test.
次要结局
- Subjective appetite rating(2 hours)
研究者
Aimilia Papakonstantinou
Primary investigator
Agricultural University of Athens