SEE Change Evaluation - Impacts of Personal Agency Training on Ugandan Entrepreneurs
- Conditions
- StressWell-Being, PsychologicalEconomic Hardship
- Interventions
- Behavioral: SEE Change Business and Personal Agency Training
- Registration Number
- NCT05958225
- Lead Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Brief Summary
This study is proposed as an individually randomized control trial (RCT) designed to assess the short-term impacts (follow up at six months) of a personal agency training on a range of economic and health outcomes for micro and small entrepreneurs in Western and Central Uganda. Participants will be randomly selected and assigned to either the intervention group (n=400) or wait-listed control group (n=400). The intervention will include the standard Empowered Entrepreneur training curriculum which includes personal agency alongside basic business training that has been developed by the SEE Change team. This training will take place over three consecutive days (approximately 25 hours of content).
- Detailed Description
The investigators propose to examine the comparative impacts of a personal agency and business training curricula on outcome measures focused in three areas 1) business related outcomes; 2) personal agency and flourishing; and 3) social spillover impacts.
Aim 1: Assess changes in business related outcomes including improved sales and profit, enhanced business skills and behaviors, and business-related goal setting.
Aim 2: Assess changes in personal agency and flourishing as determined through personal goal setting and psychometric measurements of self-esteem, self-confidence, grit and flourishing.
Aim 3: Assess social spillover impacts of the training on depression, anxiety and stress, and changes in gender norms and attitudes.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 814
- Small or micro entrepreneur;
- Business has been in operation/existence for at least the past 12 months;
- Entrepreneur is between the ages of 18 and 55;
- Entrepreneur has the ability to participate in all training activities;
- Informed consent is obtained from the entrepreneur;
- The entrepreneur is not planning to leave the area in the next 12 months;
- The entrepreneur has access to a phone for contact purposes;
- Entrepreneur is unable to provide informed consent or informed consent is not obtained;
- Entrepreneur is not considered a small or micro entrepreneur;
- Entrepreneur is younger than 18 years of age;
- Business has been in operation/existence for less than 12 months;
- Entrepreneur's primary business is farming (anything related to seasonal crop production);
- Entrepreneur is planning to leave the area in the next 12 months;
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Personal agency, leadership and business training SEE Change Business and Personal Agency Training Entrepreneurs will participate in a 3 day residential training (based on SEE Change's Empowered Entrepreneur training) that integrates personal agency with basic business and leadership topics. Participants will also get weekly support messages on their phone for 6 weeks and a check in by a training once a month for 3 months.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in Business revenue and profits as assessed by questionnaire developed by study team Baseline, six months Specific questions to assess types of income generating activities and overall business growth over the past month. Questions include number of income generating activities, length of time in business, business type, days and hours worked in business, number of employees, revenues and profits earned in business. Each of these questions can be examined separately or together as a composite score based on the number of questions are combined together.
Change in in the number of Marketing strategies adopted as assessed by questionnaire developed by study team Baseline, six months A composite score made up of a list of types of marketing strategies that have been completed over the past six months. The score is assess from 0-8 and includes affirmative responses. Having a score of 0 is lowest, and 8 is the highest level of marketing strategies
Change in Self-efficacy as measured by the Chen scale for self efficacy Baseline, six months This scale asks 8 questions related to self-efficacy and each question is scored on a likert scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). The range of score are from 8-40, but usually examined as an average score (1-5), with the lowest scores being very low self-efficacy and the highest score being high self-efficacy.
Change in Marketing score as assessed by questionnaire as assessed by the Micro-Enterprise survey Baseline, six months A composite score made up of a list of marketing activities that have been completed over the past three months. The score range is 0-10, with 0 being the lowest marketing activities to 10 as using all of the marketing strategies mentioned. There are 10 activities asked about (as yes/no questions) include questions to assess: negotiating with suppliers, engaging with customers to learn their needs or provide special offers, keeping supplies stocked and visiting competitors businesses.
Change in ability to regulate behavior as assessed by the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) Baseline, six months The Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) is a 31-item measure of the ability to regulate behavior in order to achieve desired future outcomes. Each question is scored on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with the lowest score indicating low level of self-regulation to the highest level of self-regulation - with a range of 31-155 after adjustments for reverse scoring
Change in adoption of Business skills as assessed by questionnaire developed by study team Baseline, six months A composite score made up of responses to a list of key business skills utilized over the past six months. These 10 questions include topics such as record keeping, keeping balance sheets, financial planning, understanding which items lead to higher profits, analysis of financial performance. Having a score of 0 is lowest, and 10 is the highest in terms of business skills.
Change in Self-esteem as measured by the Rosenberg scale Baseline, six months The Self-esteem scale is a 10 question scales that is scored on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The total score range is 10-50 and is usually examined as an average score (1-5), with the lowest scores indicating very low self-esteem and the highest score indicating very high self-esteem
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in environmental mastery as assessed by the Ryff Environmental Mastery subscale Baseline, six months The environmental mastery scale is a subscale of the larger Ryff scales for social agency. It has 9 questions that are scored via a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Some of the questions are reverse scored, but the final scores relate to high levels (5) or low levels (1) of environmental mastery.
Change in perseverance assessed by the Grit scale Baseline, six months The Grit scales includes 10 questions designed to assess level of perseverance, ability to overcome challenges and move towards one's goals. Each question is score on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with the lowest scores indicating very low grit and the highest scores indicating very high levels of grit, range (10-50)
Change in Locus of control as measured by the Internal-External Locus of Control Short Scale-4 (IE-4) Baseline, six months This short scale consists of 4 questions to assess how much individuals feel that have control over their lives. These questions are scored on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the lowest scores (2) for the first two questions indicating that the individuals has a low sense of internal control over their lives, but if they score high on the first two questions (10), it indicates a high level of internal control. Similarly low scores on the remaining 2 questions indicate a low level of external control and high scores indicate a high level of external control on their lives.
Change in understanding of gender norms as assessed by the Gender norms and attitude scale Baseline, six months This 14 question scales is focused on understanding gender norms of the participant. Each question is scored via a Likert scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Some of the questions are reverse scored, however, the scale is averaged to scores of 1-5 with the lowest scores indicating beliefs that are more in line with traditional gender norms and high scores indicating beliefs for greater equity for women, with a range of 14-70 or an average score 1-5.
Change in Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 8) Baseline, six months This 8 question psychometric scale is a shortened version of the DASS 21 scale and covers questions referring to symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Participants are asked to rate whether they strongly agree or strongly disagree on a 6 point scale. The first 4 questions are focused on depression with a scale range of 4-24 and questions 5-8 are focused on anxiety (with a similar scale range). The lowest scores correspond to better outcomes related to depression or anxiety and the highest score correspond to worse levels of depression or anxiety.
Change in personal initiative as assessed by the Personal Initiative Scale Baseline, six months This 9 question scale was developed to assess level of personal initiative, drawing from their personal agency. This scales helps examine an individual's ability to be proactive and each question is scored via a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). An aggregate score is developed with the lowest scores indicating a low level of personal initiative and a high score as having a high level of personal initiative.
Change in positive relations as assessed by the Ryff Positive Relations with Others subscale Baseline, six months The positive relations with others scale is a subscale of the larger Ryff scales for social agency. It has 9 questions that are scored via a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Some of the questions are reverse scored, but the final scores relate to high levels (5) or low levels (1) of positive relationships with others.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Innovations for Poverty Action
🇺🇬Kampala, Uganda