Cocoa/Carob Polyphenols and Postprandial Changes in Type 2 Diabetes

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

• Registration Number: NCT04383639
• Lead Sponsor: National Research Council, Spain

Brief Summary

The aim of this is study is to evaluate the effects of a single intake of a mixture of cacao and carob (rich in high molecular weight polyphenols) in postprandial metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Studies on the effects of polyphenols on postprandial (glucidic and lipidic) metabolism have commonly been performed in animal models and have used food extracts, ignoring high molecular weight polyphenols as relevant bioactive compounds. In this study, the potential of this kind of polyphenols for regulating postprandial disturbances in type 2 diabetes subjects, since these alterations increased the cardiovascular risk in these subjects, will be evaluated. The study has been designed in order to differentially evaluate the effect of intact polyphenols and that of microbial-derived phenolic metabolites.

Detailed Description

Twenty-five subjects with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes will be recruited. Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria are provided below.

The whole intervention has been divided in 3 treatments A, B and C, performed every 2 weeks in randomized order for each subject. In every treatment, subjects will attend to the Unit of Human Nutrition of the ICTAN-CSIC in fasting state and they will receive a high-sugar high-fat breakfast. Treatment A will be used as control and will only consist of breakfast. Treatment B is characterized by the administration of a mixture of cocoa and carob solved in milk together with breakfast. In treatment C, volunteers will consume the same amount of product 10 hours before attending to their visit, where the breakfast will be administrated once again. Food and drinks provided in the three visits (including milk used in treatment B) will be similar. The aim of treatment B is to elucidate the role of intact polyphenols, while treatment C will evaluate the effect of microbial-derived polyphenol metabolites.

Blood samples will be collected before breakfast and at times 60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine will be collected during their permanence at the Unit of Human nutrition of the ICTAN-CSIC. Feces will be collected as soon as they are generated after receiving treatments A and C. The following determinations will be performed in blood samples collected at different periods: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, GLP-1, hepatic enzymes. Urine and feces will be used to evaluate phenolic metabolites. Additionally, a satiety test will be provided. It is expected that cocoa and carob supplementation, as compared to the control treatment, causes significant modifications in all the parameters indicated. Nevertheless, the primary outcome of this study is the decrease in postprandial insulin.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2020-05-06
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-05-08
• Study First Posted: 2020-05-12
• Study Start: 2021-05-03
• Primary Completion: 2022-02-28
• Study Completion: 2023-07-30
• Status Verified: 2023-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-11-07
• Last Update Posted: 2023-11-08

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

• Type 2 diabetes during the last 2 years and current treatment with metformin
• Overweight or obesity (IMC = 26-40 kg/m2)

Exclusion Criteria

• Subjects with a pharmaceutical treatment set to modify blood pressure, lipid profile or glucose.
• Subjects with diagnoses of cardiovascular diseases or thyroid diseases.
• Values above the following ones: glucose, > 125 mg/dL; triglycerides, > 350 mg/dL; total cholesterol, > 280 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure, > 150 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure, > 100 mmHg
• Previous bariatric surgery.
• Volunteers currently participating in other studies or weight loss plans.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• Adherence to vegetarian diets or usual consumption of dietary supplements.
• Intolerance or allergy to some of the foods provided in the study

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Postprandial insulin	Up to two months	Changes of postprandial insulin as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Postprandial glucose	Up to four months	Changes of blood glucose as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob.
Postprandial uric acid	Up to four months	Changes of blood uric acid as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob.
Postprandial triglycerides	Up to four months	Changes of blood triglycerides as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob.
Postprandial phenolic metabolites	Up to six months	Changes of urinary and fecal phenolic metabolites as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob.
Postprandial GLP-1	Up to five months	Changes of blood GLP-1 as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob.
Satiety measured by a Visual Analogue Scale (see "Description" for details)	Up to three months	Changes of satiety as result of supplementation with cocoa and carob. This will be determined by the CSS, composite satiety score. This is a value obtained from a formula once the subject has filled in, in a visual analogue scale, the answer to different questions regarding hunger and satiety. The answers go from 1 to 10 (each mark corresponding to a similar distance in the scale). The final CSS value goes also from 1 to 10, with 1 meaning the lowest satiety and 10 meaning the highest one.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC); 🇪🇸 Madrid, Spain