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Clinical Trials of Effects of Time Restricted Eating on Health Parameters in Adults

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Overweight and Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome
Microbial Colonization
Time Restricted Feeding
Inflammation
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Antioxidative Stress
Hyperglycemia
Interventions
Other: Effects of calorie restriction and time-restricted eating on human health
Registration Number
NCT05730231
Lead Sponsor
University of Primorska
Brief Summary

In a randomized controlled trial we will research the effect of calorie restriction with early and mid-day time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction on weight loss and human health parameters. Participants will be divided into three groups: early time-restriction group (8:00 AM to 4:00 PM), mid-day restriction group (1:00 PM to 9:00 PM) and daily calorie restriction group (8:00 AM to 9:00 PM). Participants will follow dietary strategy with three planned meals and calorie restriction. Anthropometrical and biochemical parameters will be measured at baseline, after one month, two months and at after three months of intervention. Resting metabolic rate, ultrasound scan of abdomen and ultrasound scan of carotid arteries will be measured at baseline and after three months of intervention. In addition, stool samples will be also taken at baseline and after three months of intervention.

Detailed Description

Obesity has become one of the world's most common diseases and is a major global public health challenge. Obesity contributes to an increased risk of developing various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney diseases and many others. Reducing excess body weight and improving eating habits decreases risk of disease and mortality. A lot of dietary strategies for weight loss are known and most of them are based on daily calorie restriction. Recently, an increasingly popular dietary strategy has been "time restricted eating (TRE)". In this strategy, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval of less than 12 hours (4 - 10 hours). Eating window is limited to early part of the day - early TRE or mid-day TRE. Research shows that TRE has a number of beneficial effect on individuals, including weight loss, improvement of insulin sensitivity, hypercholesterolaemia, circadian rhythm of hormone secretion and other. Which TRE (early or mid-day TRE) has better health effects is still being investigated. It is also not clear how the timing, number and composition of individual meals affect on the health indicators, mentioned previously.

Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the effects of calorie restriction with early and mid-day time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction on weight loss and human health parameters in adults with at least two components of metabolic syndrome and yet not receiving any medication. The components of metabolic syndrome (lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometry, inflammation status, glucose levels), antioxidative status, hormones (leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, insulin, adiponectin, cholecystokinin, melatonin, BDNF, IGF-1) will be measured. In addition changes in gene expression of different proteins will be examined. Moreover, stool samples will be also taken at baseline and after three months of intervention.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
108
Inclusion Criteria
  • BMI 25-35 kg/m2

    • one of the following criteria:
  • Increased waist circumference ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women

  • Fasting plasma glucose > 5,6 mmol/L

  • Elevated fasting plasma triglycerides 1,7 mmol/l

  • Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol < 1,0 mmol/l for men, < 1,3 mmol/l for women

  • Elevated blood pressure, systolic blood pressure > 130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure > 85 mm Hg

  • Without medicals for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia

  • Morning or afternoon working time

Exclusion Criteria
  • Pregnant or plan to be become pregnant
  • Lactating women
  • Active smoking
  • Diagnosis of diabetes
  • Eating disorders
  • Currently enrolled in a weight-management program
  • Uncontrolled medical condition due to gastrointestinal, psychiatric, rheumatologic, oncologic, hematologic or endocrine diseases
  • History of tumor
  • History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases
  • Taking medicines that may affect weight and appetite

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Mid-day time-restricted eating with calorie restrictionEffects of calorie restriction and time-restricted eating on human healthParticipants will follow calorie restriction with mid-day time-restricted eating protocol with three planned meals from 1:00 PM to 9:00 PM.
Daily calorie restrictionEffects of calorie restriction and time-restricted eating on human healthParticipants will follow daily calorie restriction protocol with three planned meals from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PM.
Early time-restricted eating with calorie restrictionEffects of calorie restriction and time-restricted eating on human healthParticipants will follow calorie restriction with early day time-restricted eating protocol with three planned meals from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in Body Weightthree months

Changes in body weight (in kilograms) from baseline to week twelve measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Tanita MC-980MA

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Changes in Visceral Fat Ratingthree months

Changes in visceral fat rating (index) from baseline to week twelve measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Tanita MC-980MA. The range of the visceral fat rating (scale) is from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate excess visceral fat (a worse outcome).

Change in Body Fatthree months

Changes in percentage of body fat from baseline to week twelve measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Tanita MC-980MA

Glucose levelsthree months

Changes in glucose levels measured by biochemical analyzer Cobass

Antioxidative potentialthree months

Antioxidative potential will be determined with DPPH radical measurement.

LDL Cholesterolthree months

Changes in LDL cholesterol measured by biochemical analyzer Cobass

ultrasound scan of carotid arteriesthree months

ultrasound scan of carotid arteries measured by Resona 7 Mindray

Resting metabolic ratethree months

Changes in resting metabolic rate measured by (MedGem® Microlife, Medical Home Solutions, Inc., Golden, CO)

Changes in Muscle massthree months

Changes in muscle mass (in kilograms) from baseline to week twelve measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Tanita MC-980MA

Inflammationthree months

Changes in C-reactive protein levels measured by biochemical analyzer Cobass

ultrasound scan of abdomenthree months

ultrasound scan of abdomen measured by Resona 7 Mindray

Blood Pressurethree months

Changes in systolic blood pressure measured by blood pressure device (Omron M3)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences

🇸🇮

Izola, Slovenia

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