Comparison of Transdiscal and Paravertebral Approaches for Neurolytic Splanchnic Nerve Block in the Treatment of Upper Abdominal Cancer Pain

Cancer-related pain (CRP) is a complex and challenging condition to manage. Pain may be somatic, visceral, or neuropathic in origin, and more than 50% of patients present with a mixed pain pattern at the time of diagnosis. In addition to medical therapies such as opioids and adjuvant analgesics, various interventional procedures are used in the management of CRP. Among these, neurolytic nerve and plexus blocks represent effective options for patients with pain refractory to conservative treatment. Chemical neurolysis, as a minimally invasive neurolytic plexus block technique, provides effective analgesia by targeting both sensory afferent fibers and sympathetic fibers innervating visceral organs. Identifying the most appropriate block according to pain localization plays a crucial role in achieving successful pain control.

Splanchnic nerve neurolysis is an established interventional technique for the management of upper abdominal cancer pain associated with pancreatic, gastric, and hepatic malignancies. Both the paravertebral (PV) and transdiscal (TD) approaches have been shown to effectively reduce cancer-related abdominal pain and significantly improve quality of life in affected patients. However, comparative data between these two techniques remain limited.

The primary aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of paravertebral (PV) and transdiscal (TD) splanchnic nerve neurolysis in patients with severe upper abdominal cancer pain refractory to medical therapy, using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment. Secondary aims include evaluating the impact of these techniques on quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, comparing changes in opioid consumption, comparing procedure duration and fluoroscopy imaging time, and determining the incidence of adverse events.

A total of 56 patients, 28 in each group, will be enrolled. Pain intensity will be assessed using the NRS before the procedure and at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. Quality of life will be evaluated using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire before the procedure and at 1 and 3 months post-intervention. Procedure-related adverse events will be recorded.