Understanding the Urine Electrolyte Profile of the Individual Renal Unit
- Conditions
- NephrolithiasisKidney CalculiUrolithiasis
- Interventions
- Procedure: Ureteral catheterization
- Registration Number
- NCT02837393
- Lead Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins University
- Brief Summary
The investigators objective is to determine if urinary electrolyte abnormalities exist in only one or both kidneys in participants with and without a history of kidney stones. To meet this objective, the investigators are going to take urine samples from each kidney at the time of kidney stone surgery. The samples will then be analyzed for absolute and relative differences in the concentrations of urine electrolytes, such as calcium.
- Detailed Description
Nephrolithiasis is common within the general population. Although the majority of patients with a symptomatic stone event will not require surgical intervention, the rate of recurrence is high. Therefore, reducing this rate of recurrence is important.
Traditionally, this has been achieved with a combination of serum and urine metabolic evaluation followed by targeted medication and dietary interventions. Specifically, it is recommended that a single 24-hour urine collection for analysis of urine electrolytes be performed. A 24-hour urine collection is bladder urine, which is pooled urine from both kidneys. The urine is then analyzed for the relative and absolute concentrations of electrolytes and small molecules known to be associated with stone formation. These include creatinine, calcium, citrate, oxalate, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, and urate.
When an abnormality is detected on a 24-hour urine collection the assumption is that this is due to a global metabolic defect present in both kidneys. However, this may not be the case. It is possible there could be a relative imbalance with both kidneys having a defect, but to different degrees (or different defects in one or multiple electrolytes). It is also possible that one kidney has a dominant defect, but the contralateral kidney is normal, and therefore the 24-hour urine collection would only represent the dominant kidney with the defect. Finally, it is possible that the converse is true. One kidney has no defect, but the contralateral kidney has a minor defect. In this example, the 24-hour urine collection would appear normal as the dominant normal kidney masks the minor defect. This concept of differential kidney electrolyte handling was previously described in children. Therefore, understanding individual kidney metabolic profiles is important.
The purpose of the investigators' study will be to (1) characterize the urine electrolyte profile of each individual renal unit; (2) identify participants who have differences between their renal unit urine electrolyte profiles, and their renal units and bladder urine electrolyte profiles; and (3) correlate differences in renal unit urine electrolyte profiles with clinical manifestations of kidney stones, such as stone formation or growth. By characterizing individual renal unit urine electrolyte profiles, the investigators' may be able to isolate a phenotype of stone formers who would not otherwise be identified with traditional 24-hour urine collection. The investigators' can then target this phenotype in future investigations with dietary and medication interventions to hopefully prevent future stone events.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- TERMINATED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 13
- Age ≥18 years of age
- Planed upper urinary tract surgery for a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis, hematuria, ureteral stricture, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hydronephrosis, or intra-operative identification of the ureters.
- History of an anatomic abnormality of the urinary tract.
- History of a solitary kidney.
- Untreated or a history of lower or upper urinary tract urothelial malignancy.
- Active urinary tract infection.
- Pregnancy.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description History of Kidney Stones Ureteral catheterization Participants with a history of kidney stones who will be undergoing kidney surgery. No History of Kidney Stones Ureteral catheterization Participants without a history of kidney stones who will be undergoing kidney surgery.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Concentrations of urine electrolytes 1 year The investigators' will determine if there is a difference in urine electrolyte concentrations within individuals between the two kidneys, and across individuals in those with and without a history of kidney stones.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Johns Hopkins Hospital
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States