Comparison of Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels
- Conditions
- Vitamin D DeficiencyCardiometabolic Risk Factors
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Sunlight ExposureDietary Supplement: Vitamin D SupplementationOther: Placebo
- Registration Number
- NCT03310242
- Lead Sponsor
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Brief Summary
This study aimed to compare the effects between sunlight exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic markers in Korean young adults.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 150
- Serum 25(OH)vitamin D < 12ng/mL
- age between 18 and 39 years
- Korean men and women
- Vitamin D supplementation within 2 months
- Photosensitivity or UV allergy
- History of hyperparathyroidism/hypercalciuria/kidney stone/skin cancer and other cancer
- Under medication for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes
- Intake of photosensitive medicine during study period
- Exposure of strong UV (e.g., beach, sun tanning) during study period
- Pregnant/breast-feeding women
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Sunlight Exposure Sunlight Exposure Everyday sunlight exposure around noon for 20-30 minutes for 8 weeks Vitamin D Supplementation Vitamin D Supplementation Supplementation of vitamin D3 500 IU/day for 8 weeks Placebo Placebo Intake of placebo for 8 weeks
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Serum 25(OH)D Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Changes in serum 25(OH)D levels in ng/mL
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Diastolic blood pressure Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Diastolic blood pressure changes in mmHg
Lipid panel Baseline and 8 week Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in mg/dL
Fasting glucose Baseline and 8 week Serum fasting glucose in mg/dL
BMI Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2
Systolic blood pressure Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Systolic blood pressure changes in mmHg
AST Baseline and 8 week Serum AST levels in mg/dL
ALT Baseline and 8 week Serum ALT levels in mg/dL
GGT Baseline and 8 week Serum AST, ALT, and GGT levels in mg/dL
Intact PTH Baseline and 8 week Serum intact PTH levels in mg/dL
Whole body BMD and BMC Baseline and 8 week Whole body BMD (g/cm\^2) and BMC (kg) measured by DEXA
Lean body mass, fat mass, and percent fat Baseline and 8 week Lean body mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by DEXA
Lean body mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and percent fat Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Lean body mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by body impedance analysis
EQ-5D-5L Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week Quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L scale. The EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health status. In description part, health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The respondents self-rate their level of severity for each dimension using three-level (EQ-5D-3L) or five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. The 5-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) was developed to improve such constraints of the three-level scale.
EQ-5D-5L scale can define 3,125 (=5\^5) different health states, and the 5-digit number can be converted into a preference weight which is also referred to as a single weighted index score. The index score of a value set derived from the general population sample can be regarded as a "societal valuation of the respondent's health state" in that country.