Effects of Intravenous Ibuprofen on Acute Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial

Cholecystectomy is the most common abdominal surgical procedure and is usually performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the standard surgery for gallstone disease, and this procedure has the advantages of less postoperative pain, better cosmetic results, shorter hospital stay, and faster wound healing than open cholecystectomy.

There are several factors that can cause pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including stimulation of the phrenic nerve due to CO2 injection into the abdominal cavity, incision pain at the port site, and pain at the gallbladder removal site. Postoperative pain is an acute sensation that accompanies the surgical trauma and the observed inflammatory process and decreases as the tissue heals.

Postoperative analgesics are known to prevent pain-related effects in patients after surgery, such as increased cardiovascular system workload and increased stress response due to neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous system activation. Like other NSAIDs, ibupropan is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. The oral form has been used safely for a long time and is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs. Ibuprofan in the intravenous (IV) form has been used in the United States since 2009 for the treatment of mild to moderate and severe pain in combination with narcotic analgesics. Research on ibuprolan for intravenous injection is still insufficient, and there are very few studies showing its effect on pain relief after surgery. Therefore, this study was conducted in a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the evidence for clinical usefulness of the effect of intravenous ibupropan on postoperative pain in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Study population

1. Inclusion criteria