Influence of a Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention in Psychotherapists: Analysis of Its Effects on Empathy, the Therapeutic Alliance and the Symptomatic Evolution of Their Patients
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 204
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Changes in Empathic Understanding Scale Therapist's Version (EUS-TV)
研究概览
简要总结
It has been shown that mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) applied to psychotherapists improve their empathy and increase the therapeutic alliance. It is expected that these improvements may beneficially affect the results of psychotherapy. However, new studies are needed to examine whether an MBI can have an effect on the healthy evolution of these professionals' patients.
The objective of this project is to analyze the influence of a mindfulness and compassion based intervention (MCBI) applied to psychotherapists, on the empathy perceived by their patients, the therapeutic alliance and their symptomatology.
This study is a randomized clinical trial of an intervention based on MBSR and adapted to the population of psychotherapists, including in the last two sessions the practice of compassion, called Mindfulness and Compassion Based Intervention (MCBI). The subjects (n = 63) were randomly assigned to MCBI (n = 33) or to a Waiting List group in which they fill in a self-record of their own feelings, thoughts, etc. in therapy for 8 weeks (n = 30). Participants in the MCBI intervention condition were asked to meet weekly during a two-hour session for two months. Pre / post-intervention and five-month evaluations were performed as a follow-up.
Mindfulness measures (FFMQ) will be taken for the evaluation of psychotherapists, Self-compassion (SCS-SF), negative symptomatology (DASS-21), empathy (EUS-T, TECA), personal therapist style (EPT-C) and mindfulness instructional style (MIQ).
For the evaluation of patients, measures of mindfulness (FFMQ), self-compassion (SCS-SF) will be taken - to try to control without these skills they can be vicariously modified without being directly trained-, subjective well-being (PHI), psychological well-being (BSI), therapeutic alliance (WATOCI, ENAT) and perceived empathy (EUS-P).
详细描述
The practice of psychotherapy involves the formation and development of a series of skills by the professional. These skills encourage the establishment of a quality therapeutic link, which helps to improve the effectiveness of therapy sessions. In this sense, current research indicates that the link established between the psychotherapist and his patients has a high effect on the evolution and results of psychotherapy. This improvement is to a greater extent attributed to the establishment of the link than to the specific techniques that are applied in therapy.
Among the variables that favor the link, the empathy of the psychotherapist has been widely studied, and has proven to be highly related to the benefits of psychological interventions.
Therefore, the development of healthy empathy is one of the most important variables on which the benefits of psychotherapy are based. It facilitates a true understanding of the vital situations of the patients and is essential in establishing the therapeutic link.
The influence of the latter on the results of psychological interventions has meant that empathy training is one of the basic objectives to follow in the training of clinical and health psychologists, increasing research on effective strategies for this, among which mindfulness and compassion based interventions (MCBI) stand out.
In recent years, the MCBI have established themselves as a very useful intervention in the healthcare field, and several authors suggest the advantages of their application in psychotherapists, pointing out their beneficial influence on the therapeutic relationship and the psychotherapeutic process.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 25 Years 至 75 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Therapists inclusion criteria:
- •Have a psychology degree.
- •Be able to read and write using the Spanish language.
- •Be doing therapy with at least one patient.
- •Eligible participants were contacted through the main psychotherapeutic schools and university centers to invite them to an explanatory meeting of the study.
- •Patient inclusion criteria:
- •Be between 18 and 75 years old.
- •Be able to read and write using the Spanish language.
- •Eligible participants were contacted by their personal psychotherapist, either by a phone call or regular therapy appointment to invite them to participate in the study.
排除标准
- •Therapists exclusion criteria:
- •Have extensive experience in mindfulness practice
- •Use mindfulness in therapy with your patients.
- •Do not engage in clinical psychology or psychotherapy
- •Patient exclusion criteria:
- •Serious active mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders) • Disorders due to active substance use (if consumed in the last year)
- •Cognitive impairment
- •Take more than 2 and a half years in therapy with the same therapist
结局指标
主要结局
Changes in Empathic Understanding Scale Therapist's Version (EUS-TV)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to assess self-perceived empathy by the therapist himself during therapy sessions. It consists of 16 items and respondents are asked to indicate on a scale of 1 (no, I strongly believe that it is not true) to 6 (yes, I strongly believe that it is true). From this questionnaire a total empathy score is obtained. Higher scores indicate improvements in empathy. Used to measure empathy in therapists. EUS has proven effective (Andrade-González, 2009; Barrett-Lennard, 1978)
Empathic Understanding Scale Patient's Version (EUS-PV)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to assess the empathy of therapists perceived by their patients during therapy sessions. It consists of 16 items and respondents are asked to indicate on a scale of 1 (no, I strongly believe that it is not true) to 6 (yes, I strongly believe that it is true). From this questionnaire a total empathy score is obtained. Higher scores indicate improvements in empathy. Used to measure empathy in therapists. EUS has proven effective (Andrade-González, 2009; Barrett-Lennard, 1978)
Changes in Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to evaluate self-reported empathy by the therapists themselves. It is made up of 33 items and respondents are asked to indicate on a scale of 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree). Four subscales are obtained from this questionnaire: perspective adoption, which refers to taking the patient's point of view; emotional understanding; empathic stress, referred to the contagion of the patient's negative emotions; and empathic joy, referring to the ability to feel joy for the positive emotions of others. You also get a total empathy score. Used to measure empathy in therapists. TECA has proven effective (López-Pérez, Fernández-Pinto \& Abad, 2008)
Changes in Working Alliance Theory of Change Inventory (WATOCI): reduced version of the Therapeutic Alliance Inventory (WAI-S)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to evaluate the therapeutic alliance, measured by the patient. It is divided into the subscales of tasks, link and joint goals in therapy and Theory of therapist change, with a general measure of therapeutic Alliance. Composed of 17 items with a Likert scale from 1 (Never) to 7 (Always). Used to measure therapeutic alliance in patients. WATOCI has proven effective (Corbella \& Botella, 2004; Duncan \& Miller, 1999).
Changes in Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to evaluate the flexibility, negotiation and expression of the therapist measured by the patient. Composed of 12 items with a Likert scale from 1 (Never) to 5 (Often). Used to measure therapeutic alliance in patients. ANS has proven effective (Díaz-Oropeza \& Peña-Leyva, 2016; Doran, Safran, Waizmann, Bolger \& Muran, 2012)
Changes in Brief Sympton Inventory (BSI-18)
时间窗: 8 weeks, 6 months
Designed to evaluate somatization, depression and anxiety. Composed of 18 items with a Likert scale from 0 (Nothing) to 4 (A lot). Used to measure psychological well-being in patients. BSI-18 has proven effective (Derogatis \& Melisaratos, 1983; Ruipérez, Ibáñez, Lorente, Moro \& Ortet, 2001)
次要结局
- Changes in Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in the short scale of self-compassion (SCS-SF)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in the Mindfulness Instruction Questionnaire (MIQ; adapted from the Mindfulness In Parenting Questionnaire MIPQ)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in Personal Style of the Therapist (PST-Q)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)(8 weeks, 6 months)
- Changes in State Emotion Regulation Inventory (SERI)(8 weeks)
- Changes in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)(8 weeks)
- Changes in Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)(8 weeks)
研究者
Ausias Cebolla
Full professor
University of Valencia