Radiotherapy Alone Versus Chemotherapy Followed By Response-Based Radiotherapy For Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Germinoma
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Intervention
- radiation therapy
- Conditions
- Brain Tumor
- Sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
- Enrollment
- 24
- Locations
- 106
- Primary Endpoint
- Event-free Survival
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 7 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. It is not yet known whether radiation therapy alone is as effective as chemotherapy plus radiation therapy in treating germ cell tumor.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying radiation therapy alone to see how well it works compared to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treating patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS germ cell tumor.
Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES: Primary * Compare event-free survival and overall survival of patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS germ cell tumor treated with conventional radiotherapy alone (regimen A) vs chemotherapy followed by tumor response-based radiotherapy (regimen B). Secondary * Determine the complete response rate in patients treated with regimen B. * Determine the acute and subacute toxicity of regimen B in these patients. * Compare treatment-related morbidity, in terms of verbal learning and memory, executive functioning, and quality of life, in patients treated with these regimens. * Determine the prognostic value of baseline serum, lumbar, and intraventricular levels of human chorionic gonadotropin levels from patients treated with these regimens. * Determine the prognostic value of extent of disease (M+ vs modified M+ vs M0) on event-free survival and overall survival of patients treated with these regimens. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to tumor location (pineal vs suprasellar vs pineal + suprasellar or other), and disease stage (disseminated vs occult multi-focal vs localized). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment regimens. All patients undergo an operative procedure (endoscopic biopsy, stereotactic biopsy, or open craniotomy) to confirm the diagnosis of pure germ cell germinoma followed by an intraoperative and perioperative staging evaluation. * Regimen A (radiotherapy only): Within 52 days of surgery, patients undergo standard-dose radiotherapy once daily on days 1-5 for approximately 5-6 weeks. * Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy): * Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a complete response (CR) proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with minimal residual disease (MRD), a partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Patients with progressive disease undergo a second surgical procedure for biopsy and are restaged. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of germ cell tumor with no change in tumor markers and no new lesions after restaging proceed to chemotherapy courses 3 and 4. * Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease are restaged. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of germ cell tumor after restaging undergo standard radiotherapy as in regimen A. * Reduced-dose radiotherapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiotherapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks. Treatment in both regimens continues in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or in the event that a non-germinomatous germ cell tumor is detected. Quality of life and neuropsychological function within the domains of intelligence, attention-concentration, memory, and executive functioning are assessed at 9, 30, and 60 months after diagnosis. Patients are followed every 4 months for 2 years, and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 225 patients (approximately 112 per treatment regimen) will be accrued for this study within 5 years.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Not provided
Exclusion Criteria
- Not provided
Arms & Interventions
Regimen A (radiotherapy only)
Within 52 days of surgery, patients will undergo standard-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for approximately 5-6 weeks.
Intervention: radiation therapy
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: filgrastim
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: carboplatin
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: cisplatin
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: cyclophosphamide
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: etoposide
Regimen B (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy)
Courses 1 and 2: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Within 3 weeks of completing chemotherapy, patients with CR undergo low-dose radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Patients with MRD, a PR, or SD receive chemotherapy courses 3 and 4 as outlined below. Courses 3 and 4: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 2 and 3, and filgrastim (G-CSF), subcutaneous (SC) or IV beginning on day 4 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients achieving a CR or MRD proceed to reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with a PR, SD, or progressive disease (PD) are restaged and may undergo standard radiation therapy as in regimen A. Reduced-dose radiation therapy: Within 6 weeks of starting course 4, patients undergo lower-dose radiation therapy once daily on days 1-5 for 5 weeks
Intervention: radiation therapy
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Event-free Survival
Time Frame: Study enrollment until date of earliest qualifying event (QE), date last known to be QE-free if the patient is followed for less than three years and is QE-free at the time of analysis, or 3 years if the patient is QE-free at 3 years
Data will be summarized as number of patients in the following categories at the time of data cutoff for analyses of 3-year EFS: 1)Experienced a qualifying event (QE) (see below);2)Event-free through 3 years of follow-up;3)Event-free until data cutoff (if less than 3 years of follow-up);4)Withdrew from study;5)Lost to follow-up. QEs: 1)disease progression, defined as increase \>= 40% in tumor volume or \>= 25% in tumor area of target lesions;2)development of new lesions;3)occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, defined as a malignancy with different histological type from trial-qualifying diagnosis;4)death from any cause. Stat. analyses will be based on time from enrollment to the earliest of: 1)occurrence of any of the QEs;2)withdrawal from study or lost to follow-up;3)completion of three years of follow-up event-free;4)data cutoff for completion of the statistical analyses for the protocol's primary objective. NOTE: Reported data are through May 2009 (see Caveats section).
Secondary Outcomes
- Toxicity and Safety as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 3.0(From the beginning of treatment, assessed up to 5 years)
- Quality of Life (QOL) and Neurocognitive Assessment (NP)(2 years from beginning of treatment)
- Number of Participants With a Response to Regimen B(5 years from beginning of treatment)