Chlorhexidine

Generic Name: Chlorhexidine

Brand Names: Betasept, Hibiclens, Instillagel, Nupro Chlorhexidine, Oris, Oro-Clense, Paroex, Perichlor, Peridex, Periochip, Periogard, Prevora, X-pur

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₃₀Cl_₂N_₁₀

CAS Number: 55-56-1

Unique Ingredient Identifier: R4KO0DY52L

Background: Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms. It is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today. The molecule itself is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain. Topical chlorhexidine for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.

Chlorhexidine was developed in the UK by Imperial Chemical Industries in the early 1950s and was introduced to the US in the 1970s. The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of chlorhexidine gluconate topical tincture 0.5%, due to a significant number of reports concerning chemical and thermal burns associated with the use of this product. Other formulations of chlorhexidine continue to be available.

Indication: Chlorhexidine is available over-the-counter in various formulations (e.g. solution, sponge, cloth, swab) as a topical antiseptic to sanitize prior to surgeries and/or medical procedures. Dental formulations, available by prescription only, include an oral rinse indicated for the treatment of gingivitis and a slow-release "chip" which is inserted into periodontal pockets and is indicated for the reduction of pocket depth in adult patients with periodontitis as an adjunct therapy to dental scaling and root planing procedures.

Associated Conditions: Aphthous ulcer, Catarrh of the throat, Chemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis, Chronic Wounds, Decubitus Ulcer, Dental Cavity, Dysphagia, Eczema infected, Foeter Ex Ore, Gingival Bleeding, Gingival Diseases, Gingivitis, Glossitis, Hoarseness, Infection, Infectious Periodontal Diseases, Injury Throat, Mild to Moderate Inflammatory Reaction of the Oral Cavity, Mild to Moderate Inflammatory Reaction of the Pharynx, Mouth injury, Mucositis, Neurodermatitis, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Irritation, Oral Aphthous Ulcer, Pain, Periodontitis, Pharyngitis, Plaque, Dental, Postoperative Wound Infection, Purulent Gingivitis, Radiation Mucositis, Red eye, Ringworm, Skin Infections, Sore Throat, Stomatitis, Surgical Wounds, Tissue Damage, Tonsillitis, Ulcers, Leg, Wound Infections, Bacterial skin infections, Dry, cracked skin, Gum pain, Moderate Gingivitis, Oral infections, Oral lesions, Recurrent Oral fungal infection, Severe Gingivitis, Superficial Wounds, Throat disinfection, Tongue inflammation

Associated Therapies: Anesthesia of Mucous Membrane, Antimicrobial Therapy, Contact Lens Care, Disinfection, Disinfection of External Genitalia, Disinfection of the Urethra, Disinfection of the Vaginal Mucosa, Irrigation therapy, Lubrication of the Urethra, Oral Care, Oral Hygiene, Oropharyngeal antisepsis, Promotion of wound healing, Skin disinfection, Surgical Scrubbing, Topical Antisepsis, Urethral Anesthesia, Wound Cleansing, Oral antisepsis, Oral disinfection

Clinical Trials

Streptococcus Mutans Reduction Early Mother-infant Transmission

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Pregnant Women

Interventions: Drug: Pregnant women to whom applied silane fluoride
Drug: Pregnant women to whom applied silane fluoride + 1% chlorhexidine

First Posted Date: 2021-05-03

Last Posted Date: 2021-05-03

Lead Sponsor: Biochemical and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Pot

Target Recruit Count: 58

Registration Number: NCT04868513

Impact of Periodontal Therapy on Patients With Diabetes

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type II
Periodontitis

Interventions: Drug: Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse
Procedure: Scaling & Root Planing
Device: Soft Picks

First Posted Date: 2021-04-05

Last Posted Date: 2023-03-01

Lead Sponsor: State University of New York at Buffalo

Target Recruit Count: 116

Registration Number: NCT04830969

Locations: 🇺🇸
University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States

Comparison of the Effects of 5%NaHCO3, 2%CHG and 70%Alcohol in the Prevention of Infections Related to Catheter

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Children, Only
Catheter
Disinfectant Dye Adverse Reaction
Skin Lesion
Chlorhexidine Adverse Reaction
Catheter-Related Infections
Nursing Caries

Interventions: Drug: Skin antisepsis with 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate solution
Drug: Skin antisepsis with 5% NaHCO3 water solution

First Posted Date: 2021-03-29

Last Posted Date: 2021-03-29

Lead Sponsor: Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)

Target Recruit Count: 62

Registration Number: NCT04821193

Locations: 🇹🇷
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Avcilar, Turkey

Perioperative Patient Skin Antiseptic Preparation Evaluation

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Surgical Site Infection

Interventions: Drug: 70% v/v Isopropyl Alcohol Surgical Solution
Drug: 2%w/v Chlorhexidine Gluconate / 70% v/v Isopropyl Alcohol

First Posted Date: 2021-02-16

Last Posted Date: 2024-03-20

Lead Sponsor: Zurex Pharma, Inc.

Target Recruit Count: 51

Registration Number: NCT04756804

Locations: 🇺🇸
MCW/FH, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Antiviral Efficacy and Acceptability of Mouth Rinses for Inactivation of COVID-19

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: SARS CoV-2 Infection
COVID19
Coronavirus Infection

Interventions: Other: Peroxyl
Other: Colgate Total Zero
Other: Water
Drug: Periogard

First Posted Date: 2021-02-10

Last Posted Date: 2022-02-16

Lead Sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Target Recruit Count: 2

Registration Number: NCT04748783

Locations: 🇺🇸
Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Clinical Effectiveness of 5 Different Mouthwashes in the Treatment of Generalised Gingivitis

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Gingivitis

Interventions: Drug: Hydrogen peroxide 0,8 %
Drug: Essential oils
Drug: Essential oils in combination with chlorhexidine 0,12%
Drug: Chlorhexidine 0,20 % in combination with aroma oils
Drug: Placebo mouthwash
Drug: Prebiotic

First Posted Date: 2021-02-01

Last Posted Date: 2021-02-01

Lead Sponsor: Plovdiv Medical University

Target Recruit Count: 180

Registration Number: NCT04733196

Locations: 🇧🇬
Blagovesta Yaneva, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Antiplaque, Antigingivitis and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Myrrh Mouthwash

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Gingivitis
Dental Plaque

Interventions: Drug: Myrrh mouthwash
Drug: Chlorhexidine mouthwash
Drug: Normal saline

First Posted Date: 2021-01-26

Last Posted Date: 2021-01-26

Lead Sponsor: King Abdulaziz University

Target Recruit Count: 24

Registration Number: NCT04723732

Locations: 🇸🇦
King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Efficacy of Mouthwashes in Reducing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load in the Saliva

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Covid19
Coronavirus

Interventions: Drug: Corsodyl® Alcohol free -0.2 % Chlorhexidine digluconate
Other: Oral-B® Gum & Enamel Care -Cetylpyridinium chloride
Drug: Colgate Peroxyl® -1.5% Hydrogen peroxide
Other: No rinsing