Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus Beauveria nivea. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).
Cyclosporine is approved for a variety of conditions. Firstly, it is approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in allogeneic kidney, liver, and heart transplants. It is also used to prevent bone marrow transplant rejection. For the above indications, cyclosporine can be used in conjunction with azathioprine and corticosteroids. Finally, cyclosporine can be used in patients who have chronic transplant rejection and have received previous immunosuppressive therapy and to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Secondly, cyclosporine is used for the treatment of patients with severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when they no longer respond to methotrexate alone. It can be used for the treatment of adult non-immunocompromised patients with severe, recalcitrant, plaque psoriasis that have failed to respond to at least one systemic therapy or when systemic therapies are not tolerated or contraindicated. The ophthalmic solution of cyclosporine is indicated to increase tear production in patients suffering from keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In addition, cyclosporine is approved for the treatment of steroid dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to glomerular diseases which may include minimal change nephropathy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis or membranous glomerulonephritis.
A cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion is indicated in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in adults and children.
Off-label, cyclosporine is commonly used for the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis, blistering disorders, ulcerative colitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, connective tissue diseases, as well as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
University of Chicago Cancer Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Louis A. Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States
City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium, Seattle, Washington, United States
Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center - NCI Clinical Trials Referral Office, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
Stanford University Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, California, United States
University of Chicago Cancer Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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