Opium

Generic Name
Opium
Brand Names
-
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
-
CAS Number
8008-60-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier
37M3MZ001L
Background

Opium is the first substance of the diverse group of the opiates. It has been known for a long time, and the first evidence of a poppy culture dates from 5 thousand years by the Sumerians. During the years, opium was used as a sedative and hypnotic, but it was determined to be addictive.

Opium is extracted from Papaver somniferum, which is more known as poppies. This plant is an integrant of the Papaveraceae family, and it is characterized by solitary leaves and capsulated fruits. Therefore, opium is a sticky brown resin obtained by collecting and drying the latex that exudes from the poppy pods.

Once extracted, opium contains two main groups of alkaloids; the psychoactive constituents which are in the category of phenanthrenes and alkaloids that have no central nervous system effect in the category of isoquinolines. Morphine is the most prevalent and principal alkaloid in opium, and it is responsible for most of the harmful effects of opium.

Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of synthetic opioids and general anesthetics. Some of the isolated derivatives of opium are morphine, noscapine, strychnine, veratrine, colchicine, codeine, and quinine. Opium is a prohibited drug of abuse in most countries, but the illegal production of this drug and its derivatives keeps being registered. There is some legal production of opium in different countries for the obtention of alkaloids by extraction.

Indication

Opium and its derivatives are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Opium and its alkaloid-derivatives can also be used as tranquilizers, antitussives and in the treatment of diarrhea. The direct use of opium is not common nowadays but the use of some of its derivatives such as morphine and codeine, as well as the use of a tincture of opium for severe diarrhea can be seen in medical practice.

Illegal use of opium has been registered to be for both recreational and medicinal purposes.

Associated Conditions
Severe Diarrhea
Associated Therapies
-

Comparing Opium Tincture (OT) With Methadone for Medication-assisted Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-07-20
Last Posted Date
2019-07-12
Lead Sponsor
University of British Columbia
Target Recruit Count
204
Registration Number
NCT02502175
Locations
🇮🇷

Rooz-e-No substance use treatment center, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of

🇮🇷

Tavalodi Digar, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of

🇮🇷

Dodange Substance use disorder treatment center, Mohammadabad, Mazandaran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

and more 1 locations
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