Metformin

Generic Name: Metformin

Brand Names: Actoplus Met, Avandamet, Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucovance, Glumetza, Glycon, Invokamet, Janumet, Jentadueto, Kazano, Kombiglyze, Komboglyze, Qternmet, Riomet, Segluromet, Synjardy, Trijardy, Velmetia, Xigduo

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₄H_₁₁N_₅

CAS Number: 657-24-9

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 9100L32L2N

Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.

Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.

Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.

Indication: Metformin immediate-release formulations

Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)

The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.

Metformin combination products

Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.

Associated Conditions: Cardiovascular Mortality, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Hospitalizations, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Liraglutide as Add-on Therapy on Metformin

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: PCOS
Obesity

Interventions: Drug: metformin and liraglutide
Drug: metformin
Drug: liraglutide

First Posted Date: 2013-07-30

Last Posted Date: 2013-07-30

Lead Sponsor: University Medical Centre Ljubljana

Target Recruit Count: 36

Registration Number: NCT01911468

Locations: 🇸🇮
University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Preoperative Window Study of Metformin for the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer

Early Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Endometrial Cancer

Interventions: Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-07-30

Last Posted Date: 2013-07-30

Lead Sponsor: UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

Target Recruit Count: 28

Registration Number: NCT01911247

Locations: 🇺🇸
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Comparison of Vildagliptin vs. Glimepiride on Glucose Variability in Metformin Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Phase 4

Terminated

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions: Drug: Vildagliptin
Drug: Glimepiride
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-07-29

Last Posted Date: 2015-10-28

Lead Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Target Recruit Count: 95

Registration Number: NCT01910441

Cardiovascular Effects of Metformin on Obesity

Phase 4

Withdrawn

Conditions: Insulin Resistance

Interventions: Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-07-29

Last Posted Date: 2018-12-11

Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco

Registration Number: NCT01910246

Locations: 🇺🇸
UCSF, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, California, United States

Metformin Hydrochloride in Preventing Breast Cancer in Patients With Atypical Hyperplasia or In Situ Breast Cancer

Phase 3

Active, not recruiting

Conditions: Atypical Ductal Breast Hyperplasia
BRCA1 Mutation Carrier
Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ
BRCA2 Mutation Carrier
Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ

Interventions: Drug: metformin hydrochloride
Other: placebo

First Posted Date: 2013-07-23

Last Posted Date: 2024-04-09

Lead Sponsor: Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology

Target Recruit Count: 161

Registration Number: NCT01905046

Locations: 🇺🇸
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
🇺🇸
Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Easley, Easley, South Carolina, United States
🇺🇸
Prisma Health Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina, United States

and more 24 locations