Metformin

Generic Name: Metformin

Brand Names: Actoplus Met, Avandamet, Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucovance, Glumetza, Glycon, Invokamet, Janumet, Jentadueto, Kazano, Kombiglyze, Komboglyze, Qternmet, Riomet, Segluromet, Synjardy, Trijardy, Velmetia, Xigduo

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₄H_₁₁N_₅

CAS Number: 657-24-9

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 9100L32L2N

Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.

Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.

Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.

Indication: Metformin immediate-release formulations

Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)

The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.

Metformin combination products

Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.

Associated Conditions: Cardiovascular Mortality, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Hospitalizations, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Metformin for Treatment of Antipsychotic-induced Dyslipidemia

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Dyslipidemia

Interventions: Drug: metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-01-29

Last Posted Date: 2013-01-29

Lead Sponsor: Central South University

Target Recruit Count: 162

Registration Number: NCT01778244

Locations: 🇨🇳
Institute of Mental Health of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

The Health Influences of Puberty (HIP) Study

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes
Gonadal Dysfunction
Obesity
Insulin Resistance

Interventions: Drug: Placebo
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-01-25

Last Posted Date: 2022-02-01

Lead Sponsor: University of Colorado, Denver

Target Recruit Count: 104

Registration Number: NCT01775813

Locations: 🇺🇸
Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States

Metformin and Longevity Genes in Prediabetes

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Insulin Resistance
Prediabetes
Aging
Inflammation

Interventions: Drug: placebo
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-01-11

Last Posted Date: 2013-03-13

Lead Sponsor: University of Padova

Target Recruit Count: 38

Registration Number: NCT01765946

Locations: 🇮🇹
University Hospital Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Padova, Italy

Early add-on Vildagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions: Drug: LAF237 (vildagliptin)
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-01-11

Last Posted Date: 2017-05-15

Lead Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Target Recruit Count: 117

Registration Number: NCT01766778

Locations: 🇭🇰
Novartis Investigative Site, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong

Beta Cell Restoration Through Fat Mitigation

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes
Prediabetes
Obesity

Interventions: Device: gastric banding
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2013-01-08

Last Posted Date: 2019-10-21

Lead Sponsor: University of Southern California

Target Recruit Count: 88

Registration Number: NCT01763346

Locations: 🇺🇸
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States

Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans

Phase 1

Active, not recruiting

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Drug: Glipizide
Drug: Metformin
Other: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

First Posted Date: 2013-01-07

Last Posted Date: 2024-05-01

Lead Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital

Target Recruit Count: 1033

Registration Number: NCT01762046

Locations: 🇺🇸
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
🇺🇸
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
🇺🇸
Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States