In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Global Aesthetics LLC, Lubbock, Texas, United States
Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Danish Headache Center, Glostrup, Denmark
Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Flandes, Belgium
Yale Medicine Multispecialty Clinic, Guilford, Connecticut, United States
faculty of pysical therapy, MTI university, Cairo, Egypt
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