In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo university, Cairo, Elmanial, Cairo, Egypt
Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana Foundation, Mexico, City, Mexico City, Mexico
Instituto de Oftalmología, Mexico City, Mexico
Lupo Center for Aesthetic and General Dermatology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;GuangAnmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;XiYuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
SBPSU, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
Merz Investigational Site #0490385, Hamburg, Germany
Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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