Overview
The most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the most prominent contributor to all-cause mortality is hypertension. Characterized by an office blood pressure of ≥140/90, hypertension is pervasive and impacts an estimated 25% of adults globally. Treatment for hypertension should include a number of lifestyle changes (ie. reduced sodium intake) along with pharmacotherapy - it should be noted that treatment with several antihypertensive agents may be required in order to achieve blood pressure targets. Thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide are a valuable tool for the treatment of hypertension and continue to grow in popularity, falling behind only ACE inhibitors in terms of prescription frequency. When compared to hydrochlorothiazide (another commonly prescribed diuretic), indapamide has been shown to be superior at lowering systolic blood pressure, reducing left ventricular mass index, lowering oxidative stress, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and reducing microalbuminuria associated with diabetes. Interestingly, unlike thiazide diuretics, several sources suggest that indapamide is not associated with glucose or lipid disturbances. Indapamide is characterized by both a methylindoline and a sulfamoyl chlorobenzamide functional group, with the former being largely responsible for the molecule’s lipid solubility.
Indication
Indapamide is a diuretic indicated for use as monotherapy or in combination with other blood pressure-lowering agents to treat hypertension. It may also be used to treat fluid and salt retention associated with congestive heart failure.
Associated Conditions
- Hypertension
- Recurrent Nephrolithiasis
- Sodium and fluid retention
Research Report
Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Composition, Mechanisms, and Clinical Utility in Regenerative Medicine
I. Introduction to Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
A. Definition and Core Concept
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous biological product derived from a patient's own whole blood. It represents a processed liquid fraction of peripheral blood characterized by a platelet concentration significantly above baseline physiological levels.[1] Normal human blood typically contains approximately 150,000 to 350,000 platelets per microliter. In contrast, therapeutic PRP preparations are generally designed to achieve platelet concentrations that are 3 to 5 times higher than this baseline, often aiming for or exceeding 1 million platelets per microliter.[3] Some advanced preparation systems report the capability to achieve even greater concentration factors, potentially up to 9-fold or 11-fold increases.[3]
This concentration of platelets results in a product rich in a diverse array of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and other bioactive molecules. These components are integral to the body's natural processes of tissue repair and regeneration.[1] The fundamental therapeutic rationale for utilizing PRP is to leverage and amplify these endogenous healing mechanisms. By delivering a supraphysiological dose of these reparative biomolecules directly to a site of injury, chronic degeneration, or surgical intervention, PRP aims to accelerate and enhance the natural healing cascade, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.[1]
B. Historical Background and Evolution
Clinical Trials
Title | Posted | Study ID | Phase | Status | Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025/06/24 | Phase 4 | Recruiting | Lars Rejnmark | ||
2024/07/15 | Phase 3 | Completed | |||
2023/11/01 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | |||
2022/03/24 | Phase 4 | UNKNOWN | |||
2022/03/21 | Phase 3 | Completed | |||
2021/11/02 | Phase 2 | Completed | |||
2021/08/19 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | |||
2020/07/02 | Phase 4 | UNKNOWN | Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine | ||
2019/01/23 | Phase 3 | Withdrawn | EMS | ||
2019/01/23 | Phase 3 | Withdrawn | EMS |
FDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | NDC Code | Route | Strength | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actavis Pharma, Inc. | 0228-2571 | ORAL | 2.5 mg in 1 1 | 10/26/2023 | |
| Rebel Distributors Corp | 21695-576 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 11/28/2006 | |
| ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 62559-510 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 4/24/2017 | |
| ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 62559-511 | ORAL | 2.5 mg in 1 1 | 4/24/2017 | |
| Rising Pharma Holdings, Inc. | 16571-875 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 6/26/2023 | |
| Actavis Pharma, Inc. | 0228-2597 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 10/26/2023 | |
| Bryant Ranch Prepack | 71335-1541 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 2/4/2022 | |
| Bryant Ranch Prepack | 63629-1953 | ORAL | 1.25 mg in 1 1 | 4/24/2017 | |
| Rising Pharma Holdings, Inc. | 16571-876 | ORAL | 2.5 mg in 1 1 | 6/26/2023 | |
| Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 68788-7247 | ORAL | 2.5 mg in 1 1 | 7/13/2023 |
EMA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Authorization Holder | Status | Issued Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| No EMA approvals found for this drug. | |||
HSA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | Approval Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RINALIX TABLET 2.5 mg | SIN11664P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 2.5 mg | 9/13/2001 | |
| NATRIXAM MODIFIED RELEASE TABLET 1.5 mg/10 mg | SIN14902P | TABLET, MULTILAYER, EXTENDED RELEASE | 1.5 mg | 12/3/2015 | |
| SWILIX SR TABLET 1.5MG | SIN16750P | TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE | 1.50mg | 3/30/2023 | |
| APO-INDAPAMIDE TABLET 2.5 mg | SIN10161P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 2.5 mg | 10/5/1998 | |
| NATRILIX SR TABLET 1.5 mg | SIN09074P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 1.5 mg | 12/14/1996 | |
| COVERSYL PLUS TABLET 5mg/1.25mg | SIN13633P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 1.25mg | 4/24/2009 | |
| TRIPLIXAM FILM COATED TABLET 10 mg/ 2.5 mg/ 5 mg | SIN15013P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 2.5 mg | 5/23/2016 | |
| TRIPLIXAM FILM COATED TABLET 10 mg/ 2.5 mg/ 10 mg | SIN15014P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 2.5 mg | 5/23/2016 | |
| TRIPLIXAM FILM COATED TABLET 5 mg/ 1.25 mg/ 5 mg | SIN15011P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 1.25 mg | 5/23/2016 | |
| NATRIXAM MODIFIED RELEASE TABLET 1.5 mg/5 mg | SIN14901P | TABLET, MULTILAYER, EXTENDED RELEASE | 1.5 mg | 12/3/2015 |
NMPA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Approval Number | Drug Type | Dosage Form | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No NMPA approvals found for this drug. | |||||
PPB Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Registration No. | Company | Licence No. | Strength | Registration Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VICK-TRILIX TAB 2.5MG | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3/6/2006 | |
| MOREEZ COMPLEX TABLETS | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5/24/2018 | |
| INDAPIN SR FILM-COATED TAB 1.5MG | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7/28/2009 |
TGA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | ARTG ID | Sponsor | Registration Type | Status | Registration Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indapamide 2.5 mg tablet bottle | 481776 | Medicine | A | 3/5/2025 | |
| Indapamide 1.25 mg tablet bottle | 481775 | Medicine | A | 3/5/2025 |
Health Canada Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | DIN | Dosage Form | Strength | Market Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE/INDAPAMIDE LD | PRO DOC LIMITEE | 02523027 | Tablet - Oral | 0.625 MG | N/A |
| SANDOZ PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE/ INDAPAMIDE HD | 02470446 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | 3/5/2018 | |
| PRO-INDAPAMIDE | PRO DOC LIMITEE | 02312549 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | 7/4/2008 |
| PERINDOPRIL/INDAPAMIDE | sanis health inc | 02519739 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | 12/15/2021 |
| TEVA-INDAPAMIDE | teva canada limited | 02231184 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | 5/4/1997 |
| PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE/ INDAPAMIDE | sivem pharmaceuticals ulc | 02479834 | Tablet - Oral | 1.25 MG | 1/20/2022 |
| PMS-INDAPAMIDE | 02239619 | Tablet - Oral | 1.25 MG | 2/18/1999 | |
| INDAPAMIDE | sanis health inc | 02365324 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | N/A |
| ARCOSYL PLUS | servier canada inc | 02357321 | Tablet - Oral | 2.5 MG | N/A |
| PMS-PERINDOPRIL-INDAPAMIDE | 02538008 | Tablet - Oral | 1.25 MG | 8/29/2023 |
CIMA AEMPS Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Registration Number | Pharmaceutical Form | Prescription Type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERINDOPRIL/INDAPAMIDA VIATRIS 2 MG/0,625 MG COMPRIMIDOS EFG | 77078 | COMPRIMIDO | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Commercialized | |
| INDAPAMIDA RETARD VIATRIS 1,5 MG COMPRIMIDOS DE LIBERACION PROLONGADA EFG | 70579 | COMPRIMIDO DE LIBERACIÓN PROLONGADA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica. Tratamiento De Larga Duración | Commercialized | |
| PERINDOPRIL/INDAPAMIDA VISO FARMACEUTICA 4 MG/1,25 MG COMPRIMIDOS EFG | 74989 | COMPRIMIDO | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Commercialized | |
| VIACORLIX 7 MG/5 MG/2,5 MG COMPRIMIDOS RECUBIERTOS CON PELICULA | 83231 | COMPRIMIDO RECUBIERTO CON PELÍCULA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Commercialized | |
| VIACORLIX 7 MG/5 MG/2,5 MG COMPRIMIDOS RECUBIERTOS CON PELICULA | 180074 | COMPRIMIDO RECUBIERTO CON PELÍCULA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Commercialized | |
| PERINDOPRIL/INDAPAMIDA COMBIX 2 MG/0,625 MG COMPRIMIDOS EFG | Laboratorios Combix S.L.U. | 79045 | COMPRIMIDO | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Commercialized |
| INDAPAMIDA RETARD MABO 1,5 mg COMPRIMIDOS DE LIBERACION PROLONGADA EFG | Mabo Farma S.A. | 69457 | COMPRIMIDO DE LIBERACIÓN PROLONGADA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica. Tratamiento De Larga Duración | Commercialized |
| VALOMINDO 80 MG/1,5 MG COMPRIMIDOS DE LIBERACION MODIFICADA | Krka D.D. Novo Mesto | 90170 | COMPRIMIDO DE LIBERACIÓN MODIFICADA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Not Commercialized |
| INDAPAMIDA NORMON 2,5 mg COMPRIMIDOS RECUBIERTOS EFG | Laboratorios Normon S.A. | 63368 | COMPRIMIDO RECUBIERTO | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica. Tratamiento De Larga Duración | Commercialized |
| VIACORLIX 7 mg/5 mg/2,5 mg COMPRIMIDOS RECUBIERTOS CON PELICULA | 180074IP | COMPRIMIDO RECUBIERTO CON PELÍCULA | Medicamento Sujeto A Prescripción Médica | Not Commercialized |
Philippines FDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | License Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Philippines FDA approvals found for this drug. | |||||
Saudi SFDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | License Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Saudi SFDA approvals found for this drug. | |||||
Malaysia NPRA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Registration Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Malaysia NPRA approvals found for this drug. | |||||
UK EMC Drug Information
Medicine Name | MA Holder | MA Number | Pharmaceutical Form | Active Ingredient | Authorization Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No UK EMC drug information found for this drug. | |||||
Help Us Improve
Your feedback helps us provide better drug information and insights.