Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment advancements include combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with systemic therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), showing improved survival rates. A retrospective study found triple therapy (TACE+TKIs+ICIs) significantly enhances overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR) compared to TACE alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. Despite promising results, further multicenter studies are needed to optimize treatment protocols and identify beneficiary populations.

Study on axi-cel infusion in 62 aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients showed a 71.0% complete metabolic response (CMR) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included a 75.8% objective response rate (ORR) at 3 months and 59.7% CMR at 6 months. Adverse effects were common, with 95.2% experiencing grade 3 or higher effects, including neutropenia and infections like COVID-19. Efficacy and safety were consistent across age and comorbidity subgroups.

The JAKARTA trial evaluated fedratinib's efficacy and safety in JAK-inhibitor-naïve MF patients, showing significant spleen volume and symptom response improvements over placebo. JAKARTA2 assessed fedratinib in ruxolitinib-treated patients, demonstrating clinical activity with notable spleen volume and symptom response rates, supporting its use in MF treatment.

Oncology relies on clinical trials for advancements, with over 140 anticancer drugs approved in the US in the last 5 years. Physicians must appraise trials for validity and applicability. This guide simplifies clinical trial appraisal for clinicians, focusing on RCTs and evidence-based medicine principles, using a case of lung cancer to illustrate.

In the LYM-3002 study, VR-CAP showed significantly longer median overall survival (90.7 months) compared to R-CHOP (55.7 months) in untreated mantle cell lymphoma patients, with a manageable safety profile. Results support further VR-CAP assessment.