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- A University of Sydney-led analysis of more than 64,000 middle-aged adults found that varied step counts and walking intensities were each linked to lower mortality risk. - Walking fewer than 5,000 steps daily at a brisk pace of about 80 steps per minute produced mortality reductions comparable to 5,000-7,500 slower steps. - A peak 30-minute cadence of roughly 90-100 steps per minute emerged as a potential target, while 7,500-10,000 daily steps tracked with the lowest mortality risk. - Researchers caution the observational design cannot prove causation, and independent experts note step-intensity evidence remains inconsistent across studies.
- University of Colorado Anschutz researchers published an NEJM perspective examining whether large language models can express uncertainty, or epistemic humility, in clinical settings. - A companion study testing LLMs against fabricated drug names derived from Pokémon characters found confabulation rates ranging from 2.7% to 99.6% across models. - Researchers argue that safety and performance benchmarks, including the Rx-LLM Benchmark Suite, are needed before LLMs are integrated into high-stakes pharmacy workflows. - Andrea Sikora, PharmD, MSCR, who leads the work, was named a 2026-2028 National Academy of Medicine Fellow in Pharmacy for her AI-focused medication management research.
- Researchers have uncovered how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) launches CD4+ T cell-driven immune responses that lead to inflammation and nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis. - The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, found that immune T cell activity was twice as high in people with MS compared to healthy controls, with CD4+ T cells driving the response. - Anti-CD20 therapies reduced CD4+ T cell levels by approximately 2.5 times and lowered EBV levels in saliva, while the MS drug frexalimab blocks CD4+ T-cell activity to reduce inflammation. - The findings could accelerate development of EBV vaccines or antiviral medications to prevent or manage MS without the major side effects of current immunosuppressants.
- A study of over 340,000 UK Biobank participants found high alcohol consumption was linked to 24% higher all-cause mortality and 36% higher cancer mortality over 13 years. - Moderate wine consumption was associated with a 21% lower risk of cardiovascular death, while even low levels of beer, cider, or spirits raised cardiovascular mortality risk by 9%. - Researchers suggest polyphenols in red wine, consumption with meals, and healthier lifestyle behaviors among wine drinkers may explain the beverage-type divide. - The observational study cannot establish causation, and experts caution that alcohol type, drinking patterns, and associated lifestyle factors all contribute to mortality differences.
- Gustave Roussy and The Lancet have partnered to create the Lecture Series on Cancer Breakthroughs, an annual programme dedicated to major advances in oncology. - The inaugural lecture on 18 September at 5:00 pm in Villejuif will be delivered by Harvard cancer prevention specialist Professor Timothy R. Rebbeck. - Rebbeck's work has advanced understanding of BRCA-related cancer risk, preventive surgery for high genetic risk, and prostate cancer inequalities. - A panel discussion will follow with experts including Dr Judith Balmaña of VHIO, whose research covers BRCA1/BRCA2 variants, PARP inhibitors, and Lynch syndrome.
- A prospective study of nearly 5,000 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer found that the type and source of dietary fat after diagnosis was associated with long-term survival over a median 12.8 years of follow-up. - Men with the highest saturated-fat intake had a 24% higher rate of death, and replacing 10% of daily calories from animal fat with plant-based fat was linked to a 16% lower all-cause mortality rate. - The associations were driven primarily by cardiovascular deaths and other cancers, not prostate cancer itself, underscoring the importance of cardiovascular health in survivorship care. - Researchers emphasize simple substitutions—such as choosing olive oil, nuts, seeds, and avocados—rather than restrictive diets, while cautioning that the findings show association, not causation.
- The MIND diet, which combines elements of Mediterranean and DASH diets, has more research supporting its role in dementia prevention than any other dietary approach currently studied. - A 2024 Lancet report estimated that 45% of dementia cases worldwide are caused by modifiable risk factors, with diet playing a significant role alongside exercise, sleep, and social engagement. - Key MIND diet foods include leafy greens, berries, nuts, olive oil, and fatty fish; one study found daily leafy green consumption was associated with brain function equivalent to being 11 years younger. - Experts emphasize that sustainable long-term habits matter more than perfection, and diet works best when combined with physical activity, adequate sleep, and social connection.
- A 30-year analysis of over 147,000 participants found 90–119 minutes of weekly strength training was associated with a 13% lower all-cause mortality risk, with no additional benefit beyond 120 minutes. - Combining high aerobic activity (30–44 MET hours/week) with 60–119 minutes of strength training yielded a 45% lower mortality risk; at 45+ MET hours, risk reduction reached 53–58%. - Strength training alone was linked to a 19% lower cardiovascular death risk and a 27% lower neurological disease death risk, though researchers urge caution interpreting neurological findings. - Experts emphasize that exercise should not be an "either-or" choice, as aerobic and resistance training benefit health through distinct biological pathways.
- A large-scale study of 1.85 million mother-child pairs found that exposure to green spaces before, during, and after pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. - The strongest protective effects were observed for intellectual disability (34% risk reduction), autism spectrum disorder (17% reduction), and learning difficulties (19% reduction) based on timing of exposure. - The benefits were most pronounced among Black and Hispanic children and those living in urban areas, suggesting green space access could be particularly beneficial for vulnerable populations. - Researchers propose that green spaces may promote healthy brain development by reducing stress and depression, increasing social engagement, and lowering exposure to environmental stressors.
- Second-generation antiseizure drugs including levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin and zonisamide demonstrated no increased risk for birth defects in pregnant women. - Valproate showed the highest risk with birth defects in 9% of exposed infants, while phenobarbital and topiramate also carried significant risks compared to lamotrigine. - A 30% increase in use of the safest antiseizure medications during pregnancy was observed, with an 80% decrease in valproic acid usage between 2013-2021. - The findings provide crucial guidance for healthcare providers treating epilepsy and other conditions in pregnant women where seizure control remains essential.
