Comparison of the Effects of Perioperative Targeted and Traditional Fluid Management on Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index and Postoperative Complications in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Proximal Femoral Surgery

Hip fracture surgeries have become one of the most frequently performed surgeries with the increase in the aging population in recent years. Perioperative fluid management of geriatric patients who become prone to dehydration due to malnutrition, decreased functional capacity, impaired cognitive functions after hip fracture development; It is important in terms of reducing complications in the postoperative period and perioperative hemodynamics.

The traditional approach to perioperative fluid administration is the fluid deficit for the fasting period with the '4-2-1' rule (4ml/kg/hr for the first 10 kg, 2ml/kg/hr for the second 10 kg, 1ml/kg/hr for each subsequent kg). ) calculation. The fluid and blood losses in the surgical area and the fluid deficit are estimated and replaced. In order to replace the volume deficit caused by blood loss, crystalloid is used 3 times the amount of bleeding, taking into account the crystalloid movement into the extravascular compartment. Static parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and urine volume, which are followed in fluid management with the traditional approach, support the estimation of intravascular volume.

Maintaining intravascular euvolemia throughout the perioperative period is ideal. Both hypovolemia and hypervolemia are associated with increased postoperative morbidity. While vasoconstriction due to hypovolemia, decreased oxygen delivery, decreased tissue perfusion and dysfunction in peripheral organs can be observed; Tissue edema due to hypervolemia, impaired tissue perfusion, local inflammation, delayed wound healing, wound infection and anastomotic leaks can be seen. There is no clear consensus on how to perform optimal fluid management in this population, which has many comorbidities and is at high risk for postoperative complications.

The search for an optimal fluid regimen to avoid excessive intravascular volume overload and maximize tissue perfusion has brought individualized targeted fluid replacement therapies with the help of developing technology. In the targeted therapy (HYT) approach, basic physiological variables related to cardiac output or global O2 distribution are measured with the aim of improving tissue perfusion and clinical outcome. Replacement by crystalloid, colloid or blood products is adjusted according to the dynamic process according to the measured physiological variables. Methods such as pulmonary artery catheter, esophageal doppler, central venous pressure measurement, echocardiography, lactate, central venous saturation, thoracic bioimpedance and arterial waveform analysis can be used to determine physiological targets.

Arterial waveform analysis provides estimation of cardiac output based on continuous analysis of the waveform, a complex physiological signal determined by the interaction of left ventricular stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, and vascular compliance. Arterial waveform analysis stands out because it can measure continuous cardiac output and does not require a central venous catheter. There are invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive waveform monitoring systems.