Central Macular, Ganglion cell Complex (GCC) and Peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness (NFL) in patients with Myopia, Hyperopia and Emmetropia-A Optical Coherence Tomography Study (OCT)

Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) is noninvasive, non-contact method of cross-section imaging technology. It allows detection, assessment and measurement of various retinal diseases. It was first introduced in 1991 and by 2000s it was widely used in ophthalmology to detect diseases like glaucoma and retinal diseases.

Refractive error is associated with changes in Retinal Thickness. These changes are more extensively studied in myopic. Kang S and Hong S reported on thinning of superior and inferior RNFL in myopia and peak RNFL thickness temporally [1]. Lu B and Wang Y found GCC fiber thickest superonasally and thinnest inferiorly in young myopic Chinese adults [2]. Zhao M et al concluded that central macular thickness in myopic maximum in central foveal region and minimum in inner and outer region expect inner superior and nasal region. It was consisted with anatomy of nerve fiber, more crowded in inner region and relatively dispersed in outer region [3]. TaÅŸ M et al inferred thicker RNFL in superior and nasal quadrant of high hyperopic children [4] and no other much study has been done in adults, hence the understanding of RNFL, GCC and central macular thickness in hyperopic is limited. Lee JWY et al found that global thinning of RNFL in myopic children as compared to emmetropes and hyperopes [5]. And another study by Yau GSK and Lee JWY reported central macular thickness in myopic were significantly thicker than other emmetropic and hyperopic group of children [6]. They also agreed to postulation that this difference in macular thickness mainly due to compensatory response to thinner peripheral fibers in myopic to maintain fovea. Last two studies are only studies that compared three refractive groups with retinal thickness. But both of these studies were done in Chinese children, no similar studies have been done in adults