Impact of Smoking on Th1/Th2-M1/M2 Cytokine Balance and B-Cell Immune Responses in Peri-Implant Health and Disease
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 216
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Th1/Th2-, M1/M2-, and B-cell-related immune markers
研究概览
简要总结
Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and bone around dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis causes inflammation in the gums, while peri-implantitis can also lead to bone loss and, in severe cases, implant failure. Smoking is an important risk factor for these conditions because it may change how the immune system responds to inflammation and infection.
This study will compare smokers and non-smokers with healthy dental implants, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Fluid samples will be collected from around the implants to measure proteins involved in inflammation, healing, and immune responses. The aim is to better understand how smoking affects the body's response to peri-implant diseases and to identify biological markers that may help assess disease risk and severity in the future.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 21 Years 至 75 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •willingness to participate in the study;
- •having at least one dental implant that has been in function for at least one year;
- •having an implant diagnosed with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or initial peri-implantitis according to the study definitions; for the initial peri-implantitis group, having an implant with PD of 6-7 mm.
排除标准
- •having received periodontal therapy, oral decontamination treatment, antibiotics, or steroids within the last six months before study initiation;
- •being pregnant or breastfeeding;
- •having rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or poorly controlled systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension;
- •having a history of radiation therapy or cancer therapy.
研究组 & 干预措施
Smokers With Peri-Implantitis
Participants who smoke and have peri-implantitis
Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis
Participants who smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.
Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Health
Participants who do not smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.
Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis
Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.
Non-Smokers With Peri-Implantitis
Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implantitis.
Smokers With Peri-Implant Health
Participants who smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.
结局指标
主要结局
Peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Th1/Th2-, M1/M2-, and B-cell-related immune markers
时间窗: At a single study visit
Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples will be analyzed to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, BAFF, and APRIL. These marker levels will be compared among smokers and non-smokers with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Buse Naz BÜYÜKAKÇALI ALTAY
Research Assistant
Gazi University