The Effect of Snack Consumption on Energy Intake in Preschoolers
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Total calories of the food and beverages consumed.
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this pilot study will be to examine the influence of providing snacks on consumption of overall energy intake in children aged 2-5 years in the Early Learning Center (ELC) at the University of Tennessee.
详细描述
Providing snacks to children is widely recommended for appetite regulation and assisting with meeting nutritional guidelines.1 Currently, snacks contribute a larger portion of dietary intake in children than in previous years.2,3 Additionally, observational research has found that self-reported, low-nutrient-dense snack consumption, has increased among preschoolers (ages 2-to-6 years) over the past 20 years, leading to an increase of total daily energy intake.3 However, no experimental studies examining the influence of snack intake on energy consumption in children have been conducted.2 Therefore, at this time it is not clear how snacks impact appetite regulation or energy intake, especially in young children.
Thus, the purpose of this pilot study will be to examine the influence of providing snacks on consumption of overall energy intake in children aged 2-5 years in the Early Learning Center (ELC) at the University of Tennessee. Children will be provided with 3-to-5 ad libitum eating occasions over the course of a day for three sessions. To test the effects of providing snacks to preschoolers on consumption of food throughout the day, the food will be provided in three ways in the three different sessions: 1) children will be provided three meals (TM); 2) children will be provided three meals and two snacks, with total amount of food provided in the day the same as TM (M+S); and 3) children will be provided three meals and two snacks with total amount provided in the meals equal to TM and total amount provided in the snacks equal to M+S (TM+S).
Primary Hypothesis:
1) Energy consumed from food and beverages will be greatest during the TM+S session, followed by M+S, and then TM.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 3 Years 至 5 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •3 -to- 5 years of age
- •enrolled at the Early Learning Center for the full day program
- •have guardian consent to participate
- •like the foods served
排除标准
- •have allergies or intolerances to the foods being served
- •not able to use a spoon
- •did not attend all feeding sessions
研究组 & 干预措施
Three Meals (TM)
Preschoolers will be provided their caloric needs within three meals.
干预措施: No Snacking (Behavioral)
Meal plus Snack (M+S)
Preschoolers will be provided three meals and two snacks, with total amount of food provided in the day the same as the Three Meal (TM) arm.
干预措施: Snacking (Behavioral)
Three Meal plus Snack (TM+S)
Preschoolers will be provided three meals and two snacks with total amount provided in the meals equal to the Three Meal (TM) arm and total amount provided in the snacks equal to Meal plus Snacks (M+S) arm.
干预措施: Snacking (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Total calories of the food and beverages consumed.
时间窗: 3 weeks
Total calories of food and beverage consumed by participants over the 3-week study (with 1 day of food and beverage per week) period will be determined by subtracting pre- and post-consumption weight of the food and beverage provided and multiplied by the energy density of each respective food and beverage.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Hollie Raynor
Professor
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville