Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Motor Performance in Adolescent Football Goalkeepers: A Randomised Crossover Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 15
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Flexibility (Sit and Reach)
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of different warm-up protocols on performance outcomes in adolescent male football goalkeepers. Specifically, it investigates the impact of aerobic running, static stretching, dynamic stretching, and movement preparation on flexibility, explosive power, and dynamic balance.
详细描述
This randomized crossover study examined the acute effects of four 15-minute warm-up protocols-Aerobic Running (AR), Static Stretching (SS), Dynamic Stretching (DS), and Movement Preparation (MP)-on flexibility, explosive lower-limb power, and dynamic balance in 15 adolescent male football goalkeepers. Participants were licensed youth goalkeepers with consistent sleep, diet, and training routines. Warm-up order was randomized and both participants and administrators were blinded to the condition. Flexibility, power, and balance were assessed using the sit-and-reach test, standing long jump, and Y Balance Test, respectively, with the best of three trials recorded. Heart rate was monitored to maintain internal load at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum. All sessions were supervised by a certified sports scientist, and anthropometric data were collected prior to testing. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
No additional parties are masked in this study. Only the outcome assessors are blinded to the warm-up protocol.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 14 Years 至 15 Years（Child）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Biologically male football goalkeepers
- •Aged 14-15 years
- •Actively competing in youth leagues
- •Minimum training experience of approximately 3-4 years
- •Free from chronic diseases or musculoskeletal injuries that could affect physical performance
- •Maintain regular sleep and dietary routines during the study period
排除标准
- •Current injuries
- •Chronic health conditions
- •Any physical limitations that could interfere with safe participation in warm-up protocols or performance testing
研究组 & 干预措施
Arm 1: Aerobic Running Warm-Up (AR)
Participants perform a 15-minute aerobic running protocol with heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes of light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.
干预措施: Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up (Behavioral)
Arm 2: Static Stretching Warm-Up (SS)
Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscle groups (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds. Finishes with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.
干预措施: Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up (Behavioral)
Arm 3: Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up (DS)
Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six lower-limb muscle groups over 10-15 meters with short rest between repetitions.
干预措施: Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up (Behavioral)
Arm 4: Movement Preparation Warm-Up (MP)
Participants perform a combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% maximum velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.
干预措施: Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Flexibility (Sit and Reach)
时间窗: Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).
Flexibility of the posterior chain was assessed using the sit-and-reach test with a standardized measurement box. Participants performed three trials barefoot with knees fully extended, and the best score was recorded in centimeters.
Explosive Lower-Limb Power (Standing Long Jump)
时间窗: Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).
Explosive horizontal power was measured by the standing long jump test. From a standing position, participants jumped bilaterally as far as possible. The distance was measured to the nearest cm from the starting line to the rearmost heel. Three maximal trials were performed with 2 minutes rest, and the best score was used.
Dynamic Balance (Y Balance Test normalized composite score)
时间窗: Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).
Dynamic postural control was assessed using the Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions were normalized to leg length. A composite score (mean of three directions) was calculated and used for analysis.
次要结局
- Anthropometric Parameters (Height, Weight, BMI)(Baseline (Day 1, prior to the first warm-up intervention session))
- Internal Load (Heart Rate Monitoring)(During each warm-up session (15 minutes, across AR, SS, DS, MP protocols))
研究者
bekir tokay
Instructor of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ph.D.
Uşak University